Skinfold Compressibility in Japanese University Students

Hattori, Komei; Okamoto, Wakako

doi:10.2535/ofaj1936.70.2-3_69

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The skin of men and women differs anatomically, physiologically, and biochemically (reviewed in Giacomoni et al, 2009 and Tur, 1997). Though differences in skin thickness run counter to our findings, the skin of men is thicker than that of women in many areas of the body including calf-sites and forearms (Hattori and Okamoto, 1993; Sandby-Møller et al, 2003; Tur, 1997). Women also are known to have a significantly higher pH on their outermost layer of skin stratum corneum than men (Jacobi et al, 2005).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Accounting for sex-related differences in the estimation of breath alcohol concentrations using transdermal alcohol monitoring

et al. 2014

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Rationale Previously we reported methods to estimate peak breath alcohol concentrations (BrAC) from transdermal alcohol concentrations (TAC) under conditions where alcohol consumption was controlled to produce similar BrAC levels in both sexes. Objective This study characterized differences in the relationship between BrAC and TAC as a function of sex, and developed a model to predict peak BrAC that accounts for known sex differences in peak BrAC. Methods TAC and BrAC were monitored during the consumption of a varying number of beers on different days. Both men (n = 11) and women (n = 10) consumed 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 beers at the same rate in a two-hour period. Sex and sex-related variables were considered for inclusion in a multilevel-model to develop an equation to estimate peak BrAC levels from TAC. Results While peak BrAC levels were significantly higher in women than men, sex differences were not significant in observed TAC levels. This lack of correspondence was evidenced by significant sex differences in the relationship between peak TAC and peak BrAC. The best model to estimate peak BrAC accounted for sex-related differences by including peak TAC, time-to-peak TAC, and sex. This model was further validated using previously collected data. Conclusions The relationship between peak TAC and actual peak BrAC differs between men and women, and these differences can be accounted for in a statistical model to better estimate peak BrAC. Further studies are required to extend these estimates of peak BrAC to the outpatient environment where naturalistic drinking occurs.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Accounting for sex-related differences in the estimation of breath alcohol concentrations using transdermal alcohol monitoring

et al. 2014

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“…In this study, an increase in dermal thickness was observed after DHT and DHEA treatment in GDX females, whereas under all experimental conditions, the dermis is thicker in males, thus possibly explaining the lack of effect of androgens in the male. Striking gender differences are seen in the hypodermis of intact animals, thus providing further similarities with human skin (Hattori and Okamoto, 1993).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

Gender Differences in Mouse Skin Morphology and Specific Effects of Sex Steroids and Dehydroepiandrosterone

Azzi

El‐Alfy

Martel

et al. 2005

Journal of Investigative Dermatology

148

109

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Sex steroids play an important role in skin morphology and physiology. To evaluate the specific effects of sex steroids, the thickness of each skin layer was measured in intact and gonadectomized (GDX) male and female mice, as well as in GDX animals treated for 3 wk with 17beta-estradiol (E2), dihydrotestosterone (DHT), or their precursor dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA). Morphological analysis shows that the dorsal skin of intact male is thicker than in the female, whereas the epidermis and hypodermis are thicker in the female. After GDX, epidermal thickness decreases only in the female to become similar to that of the intact male. Epidermal thickness in GDX animals of both sexes increases after E2 treatment to a value similar to that of intact females, whereas an increase is observed only in females after DHEA treatment. Both DHEA and DHT increased dermal thickness whereas E2, DHT, and DHEA markedly reduced hypodermal thickness in GDX animals of both sexes. Under all conditions, the hypodermis remains thicker in females. GDX triggers a rapid hair growth from telogen to anagen with a thicker hair shaft diameter in females. This data shows that DHT, E2, and DHEA exert specific effects on the different skin layers and appendages.

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“…Thickness of the stratum corneum of the volar fingertips has been found to be thinner in women than in men (Fruhstorfer et al 2000) and a significant difference between genders has been reported in collagen and elastic fibre density in 45 skin biopsies taken from limbs or the trunk (VitellaroZuccarello et al 1994). Tur (1997) summarised the differences in skin physiology between men and women: Skin thickness in young subjects (27-31 years) is greater in men than in women across the entire body except for the lower back (Seidenari et al 1994); Skinfold thickness in younger subjects (17-24 years) is lower in the limbs of women (Davies et al 1988) and skinfold compression is less in the limbs of women in younger subjects (Hattori et al 1993). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Finger skin cooling on contact with cold materials: an investigation of male and female responses during short-term exposures with a view on hand and finger size

Jay

Havenith

2004

Eur J Appl Physiol

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Abstract. This study investigates the independent effects of hand anthropometry and gender upon contact cooling responses. Subjects were selected for matching hand/finger size between genders, with equal variation between individuals of each group. Fourteen volunteers (7 male, 7 female) participated, touching blocks of aluminium and stainless steel using the first phalanx of the index finger with a contact force of 1.0N and 9.8N, at surface temperatures of -2°C and -10°C. Conditions were selected in order to elicit varying rates of skin cooling upon contact.Contact temperature (T C ) of the finger-pad was measured over time using a T-type thermocouple. Overall, no significant difference was found between the cooling responses of males and females. In order to investigate whether differences in hand anthropometry correlated with contact cooling response, a multiple regression approach was used. Analyses of the residual variance in contact cooling data after the effects of material type, surface temperature and finger contact force had been accounted for, showed that, under slow cooling conditions (over 45 seconds to reach T C = 1°C), hand size correlated significantly with contact cooling response only when represented by index finger volume (p<0.05), and gender did not. Whilst under fast cooling conditions (below 25 seconds to reach T C = 1°C), hand size did not correlate significantly with contact cooling response at all, but gender had a significant effect (p<0.001). Under slow cooling conditions, a larger finger (and most cases hands) provides a higher heat content thus giving a slower skin cooling speed. Under fast cooling conditions, the significantly longer time required for males to reach a T C of 1°C despite matching hand and finger size is attributed to higher epidermal insulation provided by the thicker stratum corneum typically found in males, combined with the higher starting skin temperature observed in the "slightly cool" environment.

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Skinfold Compressibility in Japanese University Students

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Accounting for sex-related differences in the estimation of breath alcohol concentrations using transdermal alcohol monitoring

Accounting for sex-related differences in the estimation of breath alcohol concentrations using transdermal alcohol monitoring

Gender Differences in Mouse Skin Morphology and Specific Effects of Sex Steroids and Dehydroepiandrosterone

Finger skin cooling on contact with cold materials: an investigation of male and female responses during short-term exposures with a view on hand and finger size

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