Skrining Gangguan Dengar pada Pekerja Salah Satu Pabrik Tekstil di Bandung

Abstract

AbstrakPabrik tekstil di Indonesia merupakan sumber devisa yang penting untuk negara karena jumlahnya yang cukup banyak. Para pekerja pabrik mempunyai risiko tinggi untuk terjadinya gangguan dengar. Bunyi dengan intensitas yang cukup kuat (>85 dB) dalam waktu yang cukup lama dapat menyebabkan hilangnya pendengaran, baik sementara maupun tetap. Bila hal ini tidak mendapatkan perhatian yang serius maka dapat mengakibatkan dampak yang tidak diinginkan. Hal ini tidak sesuai dengan tujuan pembangunan kesehatan bangsa Indonesia, Garis-garis Besar Haluan Negara 1998 dalam Pelita IV yang mengarahkan untuk meningkatkan derajat kesehatan masyarakat dan kualitas sumber daya manusia serta usia harapan hidup. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui prevalensi gangguan dengar yang terjadi serta jenis dan derajat ketulian pada pekerja di salah satu pabrik tekstil di Majalaya kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat. Subjek berjumlah 109 orang pekerja terdiri atas 47 orang laki-laki dan 62 orang perempuan yang dipilih secara total sampling, mulai tanggal 26 Agustus sampai 9 September 2004 dengan penelitian bersifat deskriptif potong lintang. Dilakukan anamnesis dengan pengisian kuesioner, pemeriksaan fisis telinga, dan pemeriksaan audiometri nada murni. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi gangguan dengar pada laki-laki 68,1% lebih banyak bila dibandingkan dengan perempuan 37,2%. Jenis gangguan dengar terbanyak akibat bising 41% kemudian gangguan dengar tipe sensori-neural 32%, tipe konduktif 23%, dan tipe campuran 4%. Prevalensi derajat gangguan dengar ringan 46,8%; sedang 3,7%; dan berat 0,9%. Simpulan, gangguan dengar yang sering ditemukan pada pekerja pabrik yaitu gangguan dengar yang diakibatkan oleh bising. [MKB. 2012;44(2):96-100]. Kata kunci: Gangguan dengar, pekerja pabrik tekstil Hearing Test Screening at One of the Textile Factory Workers in Bandung AbstractTextile factory in Indonesia is an important source of foreign exchange for the country because the numbers were quite a lot. The factory workers have a high risk for the occurrence of hearing disorders. Sound intensity more than 85 dB in a long time could cause hearing loss, both temporary or permanent. If this does not get serious attention, it can results in adverse effects. It is not in accordance with the objective of the development of Health of Indonesia, Outlines of State Policy 1998 to improve community health status and quality of human resources and life expectancy. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, degree and type of hearing loss in one of textile factory workers in Majalaya Bandung West-Java. Subjects were 109 workers, consisted of 47 males and 62 females, chosen by total sampling. Sampling was due in August 26 until September 9, 2004. The study design was descriptive cross-sectional. Data was obtained from anamnesis with questionnaire, otologic examination and pure tone audiometry evaluation. The results showed that hearing loss was more common in male subjects 68.1% compared to female subjects 37.2%. The most common hearing loss was noi...

Extended Noise Exposure Induce Health Impairment in Machinist at Bandung

“…Furthermore, all the subject ( 100%) did not apply noise protection device while they worked, it is added more risk for NIHL incident on machinists and his assistant. 13 The reality from data that most of the subject are active smoker, also aggravate risk for NIHL, its consistent with research by Saber Mohammadi that NIHL risk 9,06 times higher on smoker than non-smoker. 15 NIHL is sensor neural type of hearing disorder characterized by the dip in the frequency 4 kHz.…”

“…10 On factory workers at Bandung, 43 from 109 employee (39,45%) has subjective complaint such as clogged ear, discharge from ear, hearing loss, and intermittent tinnitus, about 41% suffered NIHL. 13 Previous study on electronic factory by Hardini Tjan (2013) found 29 subjects (85,3 %) has subjective complaints which is the most common are chronic malaise, headache and tinnitus. 7 Even though in this study there was present of subjective complaints, but based on statistical analysis found that there was not significant correlation between work duration and subjective health complaints ( p>0,05).…”

“…It is exceeding the safety limit noise exposure that stated by WHO (85 dB). 6,13 this is can be huge risk for machinist and his assistant who working on it for health impairment especially for hearing dysfunction. Furthermore, all the subject ( 100%) did not apply noise protection device while they worked, it is added more risk for NIHL incident on machinists and his assistant.…”

“…4,7,9,16,17 NIHL usually happen because of many years noise exporsure. 13 Extended noise exposure can lead mechanical and metabolic damage. Mechanically, on sound with intensity 115-125 dB, will be marked lot of damages on Reissner membrane, basilar is, inner and outer hair sel, damage, streosilia, and intracellular organelle such as reticulum endoplasmic.…”

Observation of the Benefits of Ear Massage Therapy Skills in East Java

“…6 Gender can also affect the incidence of hearing loss, men have a 3 times greater risk than women to experience hearing loss due to noise. [7][8] The most duration of therapy was <6 times the therapy but it was obtained the results of therapy with audiometry examination again showed no progress or the same as the original condition. This shows that ear massage therapy is not effective to cure ear disorders.…”