Skull size and cheek-tooth length in wild-caught and captive-bred chinchillas

Crossley, David A.; Miguélez, Maria del Mar

doi:10.1016/s0003-9969(01)00055-3

Cited by 48 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Skeletal malocclusions are seen in many species due to environmental factors or genetic predisposition (Harkness and Wagner 1983, Emily and others 1997), but they appear to be uncommon in herbivores (Crossley and Miguelez 2001). Severe brachygnathism or prognathism affects the productivity of sheep, but discrepancies of less than 5 mm between the incisor teeth and the front of the dental pad are generally thought to be unimportant (Aitchison and Spence 1984, Spence and Aitchison 1986, Sargison 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial observations of cheek tooth abnormalities in sheep in Slovenia

Erjavec

Crossley

2010

Veterinary Record

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Observations were made on a small flock of 50 sheep of the native Slovenian Jezersko-Solcava breed by investigators with dental training. The aim was to determine the range of naturally occurring dental diseases, so postmortem examinations were performed on animals slaughtered for meat or culled due to disease. Additional data were obtained by examination of 25 specimens submitted for investigation of unexplained death at a pathology centre. Seventeen (34 per cent) of the flock had incisor disease but only five became clinically ill; all these five had advanced cheek tooth disease (gingival recession, periodontal pocketing, diastemata, missing teeth, occlusal wear abnormalities, food impaction, tooth mobility, tooth fracture, tooth loss and/or jaw abscessation). Advanced cheek tooth disease was found in 21 (84 per cent) of the sheep submitted to the pathology laboratory, while only seven (28 per cent) had advanced incisor disease. The results show that, as in other countries, dental disease is a serious problem for sheep in Slovenia.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Initial observations of cheek tooth abnormalities in sheep in Slovenia

Erjavec

Crossley

2010

Veterinary Record

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“…Even though chinchillas are thought to be relatively resistant to infectious diseases, bacterial infections have become increasingly important as intensive breeding and selection for production traits have resulted in an over-delicateness of many features in these animals (Crossley and Miguelez 2001;Baranowski and Wojtas 2011;Swiecicka et al 2012). In the presented case, the evident lack of lesions in the spleen, large intestine, and lymph nodes excluded an infectious factor as a possible cause of morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sodium carbonate intoxication on a chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) farm: a case report

et al. 2014

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Massive deaths were reported on a chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) farm, which over 10 months led to the elimination of the herd. After three months of feeding, longitudinal precipitates inside the pellets were noted. The first symptoms were observed two weeks after the introduction of feed, and included lethargy, decreased mobility, and reduced appetite, as well as increased reactions to external stimuli. Over time, single deaths, hair loss and gnawing, white discolorations on teeth, and polyuria were reported. Haemorrhages of the reproductive tract and mass abortions were observed. Necropsy revealed the presence of transudate with pH = 10, severe hyperaemia of the intestinal mesentery, and extensive regressive lesions in the gastric and intestinal mucosa. Both grossly and microscopically, lesions were noted in the liver, kidneys, adrenal glands, and lungs. The urinary bladder was overfilled. No lesions were observed in the spleen or mesenteric lymph nodes. Histopathology of skin specimens revealed atrophy of the hair follicles. Diagnosis was sodium carbonate intoxication. Owing to the specific features of this species, it was impossible to introduce emetic-based treatment in order to eliminate the toxic agent from the body. No therapeutic measures were undertaken because of the late diagnosis of the toxic agent and late removal of feed, as well as extensive lesions on the gastrointestinal mucosa.

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“…The ability to masticate food is known to be affected by a malocclusion (English et al, 2002) which may in the koala contribute to some of the other conditions contained in this chapter. Poor general and oral health was identified in koalas with a malocclusion, a loss in nutrient intake has previously been linked to malocclusions in other species (Krall et al, 1998, Crossley and Miguelez, 2001, Legendre, 2002.…”

Section: 5mentioning

confidence: 96%

Oral health in South East Queensland Koalas: Prevalence of periodontal disease and other pathologies

Pettett¹

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The koala (Phascolarctos cinereus) is one of Australia's most highly specialised folivores with a diet exclusively of eucalyptus leaves to provide all nutritive needs. For this it is dependent on good dentition for optimal health and quality of life. The purpose of this study was to characterise and describe the level of oral health and disease in koalas and then create tools for ongoing analysis.The historical records over a 17-year period were noted for the koalas admitted to the Moggill Koala Hospital in South East Queensland. Further, in this study the conclusions were that oral health issues when they existed were only being identified as "low key" due to the lack of investigative tools being used during examinations. This provided the reasoning and impetus behind developing tools to determine the true extent of oral health conditions in the koala. A suitable assessment tool for diagnosing the oral health was designed based on the index scoring methodology and the layout of the Moggill Koala Hospital admission chart, a new oral health chart template was developed. The chart was based on examination of 30 "free-range koalas" and validation and quality assurance analysis of four examiners of varying qualifications. The chart was separated into three sections; containing general animal information such as sex, age, and current systemic health; the General Oral Cavity section and containing information on 12 koala-specific health questions and finally a section on the periodontal health. The charting data is multifunctional with analysis of individual koalas, (sex, group or age). The data from each section provided an index value that was compatible with values from other species clinical charting systems.Using the chart, populations of 200 "free-range" and 95 captive koalas (from three zoos) were examined. Three major indexes were developed during the chart development process and used the following equation; General Oral Cavity (GOCI) + Oral Health Index (OHI) = Final Oral Health Index (FOHI). Initially, the three major index values plus all additional information of each chart were analysed to show the current baseline values of oral health conditions in the koala. Any ii comparison based on singular or multiple animals would either show a decline, same rate or increase from the baseline. These baseline parameters could be compared against any other species that uses the same 0-3 index system.The proportion of koalas from the whole population with an orally related problem was 86%.The average FOHI for the koala as a species was 3.78 ± 3.19, median 3.00. This is the mild category and held 84.5% of all cases. The maximum scores for the groups showed Zoo 3 as having lower range (Zoo 1; 11.42 for a TWC 1 male, Zoo 2; 13.40, Zoo 3; 4.13 and "free-range"; 15.98). The third zoo was the only group to have also had significantly better oral health than "free-range" koalas.Captive koalas showed high scoring at young age (11.42), the "free-range" comparable age score was 3.84. At population level when controlli...

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Skull size and cheek-tooth length in wild-caught and captive-bred chinchillas

Cited by 48 publications

References 15 publications

Initial observations of cheek tooth abnormalities in sheep in Slovenia

Initial observations of cheek tooth abnormalities in sheep in Slovenia

Sodium carbonate intoxication on a chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera) farm: a case report

Oral health in South East Queensland Koalas: Prevalence of periodontal disease and other pathologies

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