Skull tap induced vestibular evoked myogenic potentials: An ipsilateral vibration response and a bilateral head acceleration response?

Ocular Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials Via Bone-Conducted Vibrations Applied to Various Midsagittal Cranial Sites

“…Brantberg et al (17) reported that forehead (Fpz and Fz) cranial taps should induce different VEMPs compared with occiput (inion) cranial taps because the acceleration components would be different, ideally in the opposite direction. Therefore, various sites and directions of BCV mode result in different acceleration patterns around and through the cranium.…”

Single motor unit responses underlying cervical vestibular evoked myogenic potentials produced by bone-conducted stimuli

“…In contrast, when the stimulus has a lower dominant frequency, such as a tendon hammer tap, the skull acceleration is approximately equal on both sides but is oppositely-directed (e.g. both sides move away from the hammer, causing the ipsilateral ear to move medially and the contralateral ear to move laterally) and the cVEMPs have similar size but different polarity and/or peak latency in the ipsilateral and contralateral SCM muscles (Brantberg et al, 2002(Brantberg et al, , 2003(Brantberg et al, , 2008(Brantberg et al, , 2009Cai et al, 2011;Rosengren et al, 2009;Todd et al, 2008). Therefore different types of AC and BC stimulation probably activate distinct, although often overlapping, populations of vestibular otolith afferents.…”

Clinical Testing of Otolith Function: Perceptual Thresholds and Myogenic Potentials

“…However, recent studies suggest that the physiological basis of VEMP testing may be more complex. Laterally directed head impulsive translations which stimulate the utricle can evoke both cVEMPs and oVEMPs, suggesting the presence of both utriculo-collic and utriculo-ocular projections (Brantberg et al 2008;Brantberg et al 2009). Both sound and vibration can stimulate both otoliths; the responses appear to be driven by the frequency of the stimulus matching the intrinsic best frequency of each otolith organ (Zhang et al 2011;Zhang et al 2012).…”