Skullcap Scutellaria lateriflora L.: An American nervine

Upton, Roy; DAyu, R.H.

doi:10.1016/j.hermed.2012.06.004

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 87 publications

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“…There was little difference between skullcap and placebo in sleep patterns reported by participants, but it should be emphasised that as insomnia is a feature of anxiety (Pary et al , ) only results from an anxious population would likely yield relevant results. The conditions resolved or improved as reported in the diaries correspond with some of the putative indications for S. lateriflora as documented in the literature: allergies, inflammation, anxiety‐related digestive disturbances, muscle tension and pain, headaches, mastalgia, premenstrual tension and dysmenorrhoea (Bergner, ; Joshee et al , ; Greenfield and Davis, ; Upton and Dayu, ),…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

American Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora ): A Randomised, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study of its Effects on Mood in Healthy Volunteers

et al. 2013

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Scutellaria lateriflora, a traditional herbal remedy for stress and anxiety, was tested on human volunteers for its effects on mood. In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover study, 43 healthy participants were randomised to a sequence of three times daily S. lateriflora (350 mg) or placebo, each over two weeks. In this relatively non-anxious population (81% were mildly anxious or less, i.e. Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) scores ≤ 15), there was no significant difference between skullcap and placebo with BAI (p = 0.191). However, there was a significant group effect (p = 0.049), suggesting a carryover effect of skullcap. For Total Mood Disturbance measured by the Profile of Mood States, there was a highly significant (p = <0.001) decrease from pre-test scores with skullcap but not placebo (p = 0.072). The limitations of carryover effect, generally low anxiety scores and differences in anxiety levels between groups at baseline (p = 0.022), may have reduced the chances of statistical significance in this study. However, as S. lateriflora significantly enhanced global mood without a reduction in energy or cognition, further study assessing its putative anxiolytic effects in notably anxious subjects with co-morbid depression is warranted.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

American Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora ): A Randomised, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study of its Effects on Mood in Healthy Volunteers

et al. 2013

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“…catalpol), phenylpropanoid glycosides (e.g. verbascoside), phenolic acids (caffeic, chlorogenic, p-coumaric, ferulic, protocatechuic and rosmarinic acids) and cinnamic acid (Kawka et al 2017;Upton and DAyu 2012). Chemical components found in this species determine its sedative and anticonvulsant properties (Kim et al 2014;Zhang et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endogenous production of specific flavonoids and verbascoside in agar and agitated microshoot cultures of Scutellaria lateriflora L. and biotransformation potential

Kawka

Kwiecień

Ekiert

2020

Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult

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Methanolic extracts of microshoots from agar cultures and of microshoots and media from agitated cultures of Scutellaria lateriflora grown on identical five variants of the Murashige-Skoog (MS) and Linsmaier-Skoog (LS) media with different 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) concentrations (0.5-3.0 mg/l) were analyzed for flavonoids (27 compounds), phenylpropanoid glycosides (2 compounds) and phenolic acids (19 compounds) using the DAD-HPLC method. The amounts of individual compounds and total amounts of the above mentioned metabolite groups in the biomass from both types of the tested cultures were dependent on the composition of basal media and concentrations of BA and NAA in the media variants. In media extracts, no metabolites were confirmed. Higher total amounts of flavonoids were obtained in agar cultures (max. 722.04 and 2989.55 mg/100 g DW on MS and LS media variants, respectively), which were 1.1 and 1.7 times higher, respectively, than in agitated cultures. In both types of cultures, glycosidic conjugates: baicalin and wogonoside were the main flavonoids (max. amounts: 513.93 and 1838.18 mg/100 g DW, and 305.92 and 700.85 mg/100 g DW in agar cultures on MS and LS variants, respectively). High amounts of verbascoside in agar cultures were also confirmed (max. 384.99 and 543.17 mg/100 g DW on MS and LS media variants, respectively). The cells grown in agitated cultures converted exogenous precursors, i.e. hydroquinone (HQ) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HBAc) into arbutin (β-d-glucoside of HQ). The highest amount of this product reached 5.63 and 1.45 g/100 g DW after the addition of these two precursors, respectively. This is the first large-scale report documenting in vitro biosynthetic potential of Scutellaria lateriflora microshoots cultivated in two tested culture. Key message After testing of 10 media variants in two types of in vitro cultures high amounts of flavonoids (app. 3 g%) and verbascoside (0.54 g%) were obtained. Additionally, 5.6 g% of arbutin as hydroquinone β-d-glucosylation product was confirmed. Keywords American skullcap • In vitro culture • Scutellaria specific flavonoids • Verbascoside • Arbutin • HPLC analysis Abbreviations BA 6-Benzyladenine 3,4-DAc 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid DAD-HPLC Diode-array detector-high performance liquid chromatography DW Dry weight FM Fresh biomass 4-HBAc 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid HQ Hydroquinone LS Linsmaier and Skoog MS Murashige and Skoog NAA 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid Communicated by Nokwanda Pearl Makunga.

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“…The large number of Scutellaria species, many of which are similar in appearance, and consequent problems of substitution or adulteration of S. lateriflora with other skullcaps or potentially harmful herbs such as germander (Teucrium) species, make its correct identification prior to commercial use particularly essential. In the 1980s and 1990s, although reports of liver damage, including hepatitis and fibrosis, were linked to preparations containing S. lateriflora, there was no evidence that the hepatotoxicity resulted from intake of S. lateriflora (Upton and Dayu, 2012). The cause of the hepatotoxicity was subsequently attributed to germander species, such as American germander (T. canadense) and Wall germander (T. Chamaedrys), which contain hepatotoxic furan neoclerodane diterpenoids such as teucrin, being used in some European commercial preparations in place of S. lateriflora (de Smet, 1999;Bedir et al, 2003;Lin et al, 2009;Upton and Dayu, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the 1980s and 1990s, although reports of liver damage, including hepatitis and fibrosis, were linked to preparations containing S. lateriflora, there was no evidence that the hepatotoxicity resulted from intake of S. lateriflora (Upton and Dayu, 2012). The cause of the hepatotoxicity was subsequently attributed to germander species, such as American germander (T. canadense) and Wall germander (T. Chamaedrys), which contain hepatotoxic furan neoclerodane diterpenoids such as teucrin, being used in some European commercial preparations in place of S. lateriflora (de Smet, 1999;Bedir et al, 2003;Lin et al, 2009;Upton and Dayu, 2012). Figure 1 Scutellaria lateriflora S. lateriflora is possibly the most substituted species in western materia medica.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identity issues surrounding American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) and an optimised high performance liquid chromatography method to authenticate commercially available products

Brock

Whitehouse

Tewfik

et al. 2013

Journal of Herbal Medicine

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Skullcap Scutellaria lateriflora L.: An American nervine

Cited by 15 publications

References 87 publications

American Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora ): A Randomised, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study of its Effects on Mood in Healthy Volunteers

American Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora ): A Randomised, Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Crossover Study of its Effects on Mood in Healthy Volunteers

Endogenous production of specific flavonoids and verbascoside in agar and agitated microshoot cultures of Scutellaria lateriflora L. and biotransformation potential

Identity issues surrounding American skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) and an optimised high performance liquid chromatography method to authenticate commercially available products

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