Skylab experiment M-171 “metabolic activity” — results of the first manned mission

Michel, E. L.; Rummel, J. A.; Sawin, C. F.

doi:10.1016/0094-5765(75)90101-0

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…More effective exercise training against bone loss is required to minimize the negative effects of space on astronauts' musculoskeletal system. Some studies demonstrated that there was less energy consumption of exercise in space flight than on the ground when doing the same exercise [24][25][26]. These studies indicated that exercise trainings in space might be different from on the ground.…”

Section: Adaptive Responses Of Bone and Cartilage To Vibration Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…A scientific study indicated that a mechanical stimulus in the form of vibration, traveling from the sole of the foot through the skeleton, is anabolic for bone [41]. Studies have shown that current vibration devices induce beneficial increases in bone mineral density (BMD), although diminished functional loading has been shown to decrease bone quantity in the case of bed rest patients or astronauts under microgravity conditions [21][22][23][24]. In a recent study, Pichler et al suggested that it might be possible, through mechanical stimulation, to inhibit the activity of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) through the RANKL/RANK/OPG system in bone modeling and remodeling [42].…”

Section: Adaptive Responses Of Bone and Cartilage To Vibration Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

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The Use of Vibration as Physical Exercise and Therapy

Musumeci

2017

JFMK

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Abstract:Musculoskeletal vibration stimulation is the topic chosen for this review. The aim is to discuss this interesting, but poorly analyzed topic in the current literature in order to explain and help readers to better understand the effects of vibration used as an exercise intervention and therapy for muscle, bone, and cartilage tissues. The use of vibration stimulation for enhancing athletic performance and therapeutic use is considered an important matter of medical biology that has developed in the last three decades. Current evidence suggests that vibration is effective in enhancing musculoskeletal strength and power capacity and improving physical conditions in patients with related disorders such as osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, although the mechanisms mediating these effects are still not well known.

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Section: Adaptive Responses Of Bone and Cartilage To Vibration Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Adaptive Responses Of Bone and Cartilage To Vibration Exposurementioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Vibration as Physical Exercise and Therapy

Musumeci

2017

JFMK

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“…The velocity of atmospheric gases entering the inlet was exploited to differentiate between their signals and those from both background contamination in the instrument and metal ions sputtered off the instrument surfaces. The energy used for EI was decreased from 70 to 27 eV to enable differentiation between CO 2 ϩϩ and 22 Ne ϩ . A somewhat representative spectrum from a prototype version of this instrument is shown in Figure 3 [32].…”

Section: Pioneer Venus Probementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to the two main space applications of MS, which are discussed in detail here, MS has also been used for other specialized space-related applica-tions. These include the analysis of human breath to study the effects of microgravity on respiratory function [21][22][23][24], testing for propellant leaks prior to launches of the Space Shuttle [25][26][27], and validating the performance of trace contaminant removal in advanced life support systems [28]. Some of the aforementioned advanced MS concepts have been proposed for identifying sources of coolant or fuel leaks external to spacecraft during extravehicular activity (EVA) [29,30].…”

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confidence: 99%

Mass spectrometry in the U.S. space program: Past, present, and future

Palmer

Limero

2001

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Recent years have witnessed significant progress on the miniaturization of mass spectrometers for a variety of field applications. This article describes the development and application of mass spectrometry (MS) instrumentation to support of goals of the U.S. space program. Its main focus is on the two most common space-related applications of MS: studying the composition of planetary atmospheres and monitoring air quality on manned space missions. Both sets of applications present special requirements in terms of analytical performance (sensitivity, selectivity, speed, etc.), logistical considerations (space, weight, and power requirements), and deployment in perhaps the harshest of all possible environments (space). The MS instruments deployed on the Pioneer Venus and Mars Viking Lander missions are reviewed for the purposes of illustrating the unique features of the sample introduction systems, mass analyzers, and vacuum systems, and for presenting their specifications which are impressive even by today's standards. The various approaches for monitoring volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in cabin atmospheres are also reviewed. In the past, ground-based GC/MS instruments have been used to identify and quantify VOCs in archival samples collected during the Mercury, Apollo, Skylab, Space Shuttle, and Mir missions. Some of the data from the more recent missions are provided to illustrate the composition data obtained and to underscore the need for instrumentation to perform such monitoring in situ. Lastly, the development of two emerging technologies, Direct Sampling Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry (DSITMS) and GC/Ion Mobility Spectrometry (GC/IMS), will be discussed to illustrate their potential utility for future missions. (J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2001, 12, 656 -675)

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“…20,30 However, despite the significant increase in volume and mode of exercise during the 59-d mission, postflight losses of leg size and strength were similar to those of the 28-d mission. 10,20 On the subsequent 84-d Skylab 4 mission, a Teflon-coated plate "treadmill" was added to the exercise arsenal and total daily exercise time was increased. 20,30 The tethering harness of the treadmill device was used especially for jumping and toe rises.…”

Section: Effects On Muscle Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Planning strategies for development of effective exercise and nutrition countermeasures for long-duration space flight

Convertino

2002

Nutrition

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Exercise and nutrition represent primary countermeasures used during space flight to maintain or restore maximal aerobic capacity, musculoskeletal structure, and orthostatic function. However, no single exercise, dietary regimen, or combination of prescriptions has proven entirely effective in maintaining or restoring cardiovascular and musculoskeletal functions to preflight levels after prolonged space flight. As human space flight exposures increase in duration, identification, assessment, and development of various effective exercise-and nutrition-based protective procedures will become paramount. The application of adequate dietary intake in combination with effective exercise prescription will be based on identification of basic physiologic stimuli that maintain normal function in terrestrial gravity, and understanding how specific combinations of exercise characteristics (e.g., duration, frequency, intensity, and mode) can be combined with minimal nutritional requirements that mimic the stimuli normally produced by living in Earth's gravity environment. This can be accomplished only with greater emphasis of research on ground-based experiments targeted at understanding the interactions between caloric intake and expenditure during space flight. Future strategies for application of nutrition and exercise countermeasures for long-duration space missions must be directed to minimizing crew time and the impact on life-support resources. Nutrition 2002;18:880 -888.

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Skylab experiment M-171 “metabolic activity” — results of the first manned mission

Cited by 27 publications

References 2 publications

The Use of Vibration as Physical Exercise and Therapy

The Use of Vibration as Physical Exercise and Therapy

Mass spectrometry in the U.S. space program: Past, present, and future

Planning strategies for development of effective exercise and nutrition countermeasures for long-duration space flight

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