Sleep and posttraumatic stress disorder: a review

Harvey, Allison G.; Jones, Charles E.; Schmidt, Douglas

doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(03)00032-1

Cited by 284 publications

(235 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…Based on AL scores alone, it is not possible to determine the relative contribution of these more proximal "causes" of health risk. Combat-related PTSD in particular has long been associated with sleep disturbances and substance abuse (for reviews see Harvey, Jones and Schmidt 2003;Jacobsen, Southwick and Kosten 2001, respectively). The extent of these problems is unknown among PTSD-symptomatic parents of children with cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allostatic Load in Women With and Without PTSD Symptoms

Glover

Stuber²,

Poland³

2006

Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes

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Allostatic load (AL) is the term used to describe cumulative physiological wear and tear that results from repeated efforts to adapt to stressors over time. Operationalized as a composite index of biological risk factors (e.g., blood pressure, cholesterol, glycosylated hemoglobin, and cortisol, norepinephrine and epinephrine), AL has been shown to increase with age, predict long-term morbidity and mortality among the elderly, and be associated with low parent education in a large adolescent sample. However, AL has not yet been studied in samples with putative "high stress" or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Accordingly, AL was measured in women with high acute and chronic stress: mothers of pediatric cancer survivors with and without PTSD and control mothers of health children. AL emerged in a "dose-dependent" ranking from high to low: cancer mothers meeting all criteria for PTSD, cancer mothers with no or low symptoms, and control mothers, respectively (p < .001). Effects were not altered by self-reported sleep quality or substance use (tobacco, caffeine, alcohol or drugs) and remained significant when analyzing AL without cortisol or catecholamines. Results indicate elevated AL can be detected in relatively young women with high stress histories, and particularly those with PTSD. Future prospective studies must evaluate whether this pattern represents an accelerated aging process and increased risk of disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allostatic Load in Women With and Without PTSD Symptoms

Glover

Stuber²,

Poland³

2006

Psychiatry: Interpersonal and Biological Processes

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“…Life in stressful environments has also been linked to fatal accidents (Linsky & Strauss 1986) and to the onset of bulimia (Welch et al 1997). Another variable related to stress that could provide a link to health is the increased sleep problems that have been reported after sychological trauma (Harvey et al 2003). New onset of sleep problems mediated the relationship between post-traumatic stress symptoms and decreased natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity in Hurricane Andrew victims .…”

Section: Stressors During Adulthood and Their Psychological Sequelaementioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and Health: Psychological, Behavioral, and Biological Determinants

Schneiderman

Ironson

Siegel

2005

Annu. Rev. Clin. Psychol.

1,723

1,180

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Stressors have a major influence upon mood, our sense of well-being, behavior, and health. Acute stress responses in young, healthy individuals may be adaptive and typically do not impose a health burden. However, if the threat is unremitting, particularly in older or unhealthy individuals, the longterm effects of stressors can damage health. The relationship between psychosocial stressors and disease is affected by the nature, number, and persistence of the stressors as well as by the individual's biological vulnerability (i.e., genetics, constitutional factors), psychosocial resources, and learned patterns of coping. Psychosocial interventions have proven useful for treating stress-related disorders and may influence the course of chronic diseases.

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“…Sleep disturbances are an integrated component in the PTSD diagnosis, and later studies have shown that sleep disturbances are frequent in relation to traumatic experiences in adults (68)(69)(70)(71) and in children (72,73); however, Ôsleep disturbanceÕ is often not studied on its own but only as part of the PTSD diagnosis in studies involving refugee children (see Table 4). The consequence of this could be that substantial problems in the children are overlooked and that they therefore will not receive relevant help, resulting in possible negative consequences to their further development.…”

Section: Mental Health In Young Refugeesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trauma, exile and mental health in young refugees

Montgomery¹

2011

Acta Psychiatr Scand

173

104

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Montgomery E. Trauma, exile and mental health in young refugees.Objective: To review evidence of trauma and exile‐related mental health in young refugees from the Middle East.Method: A review of four empirical studies: i) a qualitative study of 11 children from torture surviving families, ii) a cohort study of 311 3–15‐year‐old asylum‐seeking children, iii) a qualitative study of 14 members of torture surviving families and iv) a follow‐up study of 131 11–23‐year‐old refugees.Results: The reactions of the children were not necessarily post‐traumatic stress disorder specific. Seventy‐seven per cent suffered from anxiety, sleep disturbance and/or depressed mood at arrival. Sleep disturbance (prevalence 34%) was primarily predicted by a family history of violence. At follow‐up, 25.9% suffered from clinically relevant psychological symptoms. Traumatic experiences before arrival and stressful events in exile predicted internalizing behaviour, witnessing violence and frequent school changes in exile predicted externalizing behaviour. School participation, Danish friends, language proficiency and mother’s education predicted less long‐term psychological problems.Conclusion: Psychological problems are frequent in refugee children, but the extents are reduced over time in exile. Traumatic experience before arrival is most important for the short‐term reaction of the children while aspects of life in exile are important for the children’s ability to recover from early traumatization.

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Sleep and posttraumatic stress disorder: a review

Cited by 284 publications

References 108 publications

Allostatic Load in Women With and Without PTSD Symptoms

Allostatic Load in Women With and Without PTSD Symptoms

Stress and Health: Psychological, Behavioral, and Biological Determinants

Trauma, exile and mental health in young refugees

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