Sleep and Sleep Disorders Associated with Pregnancy

Balserak, Bilgay Izci; Lee, Kathryn Aldrich

doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-24288-2.00156-2

Cited by 19 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 121 publications

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“…Pregnancy is associated with dynamic physiological changes that affect sleep and sleep disorders (Table 1). [30][31][32][33] These changes range from anatomic changes that have the potential to affect sleep duration, sleep fragmentation, and breathing during sleep to metabolic changes that increase the risk of restless legs syndrome. For instance, gastroesophageal reflux usually worsens with pregnancy progression, affecting 75% of gravidas in some populations, 30 overnight sodium excretion 34 is another factor that leads to sleep fragmentation.…”

Section: Sleep In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Sleep in Women Across the Life Span

Pengo

Won

Bourjeily

2018

Chest

211

133

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There are many ways in which women experience sleep differently from men. Women contending with distinct sleep challenges respond differently to sleep disorders, as well as sleep deprivation and deficiency, and face particular health outcomes as a result of poor sleep. Idiosyncrasies, including changes that occur with the biological life cycles of menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause, make the understanding of sleep in women an important topic to study. Each phase of a woman's life, from childhood to menopause, increases the risk of sleep disturbance in unique ways that may require distinct management. Indeed, new research is unraveling novel aspects of sleep pathology in women and the fundamental role that sex hormones play in influencing sleep regulation and arousals and possibly outcomes of sleep conditions. Moreover, studies indicate that during times of hormonal change, women are at an increased risk for sleep disturbances such as poor sleep quality and sleep deprivation, as well as sleep disorders such as OSA, restless legs syndrome, and insomnia. This article reviews sleep changes in female subjects from neonatal life to menopause.

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Section: Sleep In Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sleep Characteristics and Physiological Physical Features Affecting Sleep in Pregnancy[30][31][32][33] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep in Women Across the Life Span

Pengo

Won

Bourjeily

2018

Chest

211

133

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“…Many women are inactive during pregnancy despite the evidence that moderate, low-risk activities are safe and beneficial during all stages of pregnancy [ 5 ]. Sleep disturbances, such as insomnia and sleep fragmentation stemming from hormonal and physiological changes, are common during pregnancy [ 6 , 7 ]. Stress, physical activity and sleep are interdependent; for example, stress may escalate sleep disorders, which have harmful effects on maternal health [ 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pregnant women’s daily patterns of well-being before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland: Longitudinal monitoring through smartwatch technology

et al. 2021

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Background Technology enables the continuous monitoring of personal health parameter data during pregnancy regardless of the disruption of normal daily life patterns. Our research group has established a project investigating the usefulness of an Internet of Things–based system and smartwatch technology for monitoring women during pregnancy to explore variations in stress, physical activity and sleep. The aim of this study was to examine daily patterns of well-being in pregnant women before and during the national stay-at-home restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland. Methods A longitudinal cohort study design was used to monitor pregnant women in their everyday settings. Two cohorts of pregnant women were recruited. In the first wave in January-December 2019, pregnant women with histories of preterm births (gestational weeks 22–36) or late miscarriages (gestational weeks 12–21); and in the second wave between October 2019 and March 2020, pregnant women with histories of full-term births (gestational weeks 37–42) and no pregnancy losses were recruited. The final sample size for this study was 38 pregnant women. The participants continuously used the Samsung Gear Sport smartwatch and their heart rate variability, and physical activity and sleep data were collected. Subjective stress, activity and sleep reports were collected using a smartphone application developed for this study. Data between February 12 to April 8, 2020 were included to cover four-week periods before and during the national stay-at-home restrictions. Hierarchical linear mixed models were exploited to analyze the trends in the outcome variables. Results The pandemic-related restrictions were associated with changes in heart rate variability: the standard deviation of all normal inter-beat intervals (p = 0.034), low-frequency power (p = 0.040) and the low-frequency/high-frequency ratio (p = 0.013) increased compared with the weeks before the restrictions. Women’s subjectively evaluated stress levels also increased significantly. Physical activity decreased when the restrictions were set and as pregnancy proceeded. The total sleep time also decreased as pregnancy proceeded, but pandemic-related restrictions were not associated with sleep. Daily rhythms changed in that the participants overall started to sleep later and woke up later. Conclusions The findings showed that Finnish pregnant women coped well with the pandemic-related restrictions and lockdown environment in terms of stress, physical activity and sleep.

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“…Thus, a different setting may be needed. During pregnancy, frequent urination, fetal movement, heartburn, difficulty finding a comfortable sleep position, and abnormal respiratory events 15,16 could lead to multiple nocturnal awakenings and decreases in total sleep time and sleep efficiency. These changes may affect the accuracy of activity-based actigraphy in assessing sleep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective sleep in pregnant women: a comparison of actigraphy and polysomnography

Zhu

Calvo

et al. 2018

Sleep Health

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Objectives: To compare different actigraphy scoring settings with polysomnography (PSG) for 1 night of total sleep time (TST), sleep efficiency (SE), wake after sleep onset (WASO), and sleep onset latency (SOL) in healthy pregnant women between 6 and 7 months of gestation. Design: Secondary analysis using data from a case-control study. Setting: A large university-affiliated hospital in the Midwestern United States. Participants: A total of 78 pregnant women were recruited, among which 38 healthy women with uncomplicated pregnancies were included for this analysis. Measurements: Participants had an overnight PSG assessment at a sleep center while simultaneously wearing an actigraph (Minimitter; Philips Respironics, Andover, MA). Sleep parameters from both devices included TST, SE, WASO, and SOL. Four scoring settings were used to obtain these parameters from actigraphy. Bland-Altman tests were used to evaluate the agreement between sleep variables scored independently from actigraphy and PSG. Results: The default scoring setting (10-by-40) yielded significantly different results from the PSG (P < .01). The 10 immobile/mobile minutes for sleep onset/end with an activity threshold of 10 (10-by-10) produced estimations of TST, SE, and WASO closest to those produced by PSG. When this setting was used, the mean differences between PSG- and actigraphy-assessed TST, SE, and WASO were −1.9 minutes, −0.4%, and 7.4 minutes. When the 10 and 15 immobile/mobile minutes for sleep onset/end were used, the difference between PSG- and actigraphy-assessed SOL was approximately 4 to 5 minutes. Conclusions Findings from this study do not support the use of default actigraph settings in pregnant women. In contrast, the 10-by-10 scoring setting provided the greatest agreement and least bias in comparison with PSG for sleep measurements. The 10-by-10 scoring setting is recommended to be used in studies consisting of pregnant women.

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Sleep and Sleep Disorders Associated with Pregnancy

Cited by 19 publications

References 121 publications

Sleep in Women Across the Life Span

Sleep in Women Across the Life Span

Pregnant women’s daily patterns of well-being before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Finland: Longitudinal monitoring through smartwatch technology

Objective sleep in pregnant women: a comparison of actigraphy and polysomnography

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