Sleep Architecture and REM Sleep Measures in Prepubertal Children with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

Greenhill, Laurence L.; Puig-Antich, Joaquim; Goetz, Raymond R.; Hanlon, Cleo; Davies, Mark

doi:10.1093/sleep/6.2.91

Cited by 113 publications

(59 citation statements)

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“…Several characteristics of coloboma mice parallel the hyperactivity syndrome ADHD, a common pediatric disorder characterized by inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. Like children with ADHD (Greenhill et al, 1983), coloboma mice are hyperactive during their active (nocturnal) phase and otherwise exhibit normal patterns of sleep. Additionally, although the etiology of ADHD is unknown, there is evidence that suggests that ADHD may have a genetic basis (Deutsch et al, 1982;Biederman et al, 1986).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity in a mouse mutant with a deletion including the Snap gene on chromosome 2

et al. 1992

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The gene encoding the synaptosomal-associated protein--25 kDa (SNAP-25) was mapped by analysis of somatic cell hybrids and an intersubspecies backcross to mouse Chromosome 2. To identify potential mutants for SNAP- 25, mice bearing mutations mapping to this region of Chromosome 2 were screened for Snap gene abnormalities. Mice heterozygous for the semidominant mutation coloboma (Cm/+) were identified that carried a deletion of Snap gene sequence. Analysis of genomic DNA revealed that the Snap gene dosage in Cm/+ mice was 50% lower than control littermates. Additionally, SNAP-25 mRNA and protein expression were 50% lower in coloboma mice than control littermates. The coloboma mouse phenotype is characterized by small eyes and head bobbing; in addition, we observed that these mice were extremely hyperactive with spontaneous locomotor activity exceeding three times control mouse activity. The localization of the genetic abnormality in coloboma mice using the Snap gene marker will provide a powerful tool for studying the biologic basis of locomotor hyperactivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity in a mouse mutant with a deletion including the Snap gene on chromosome 2

et al. 1992

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“…Busby et al (20) performed overnight polysomnography in a small number of children with ADHD (n ϭ 11) and controls (n ϭ 11) and found that REM sleep latency was significantly increased in the ADHD group, a finding that contrasts with Kahn (24), who found a decreased REM sleep latency, and also with Ramos Platon et al (23), who found no change. Sleep latency has been shown to be reduced in ADHD (23), not changed (20), and even increased (21), although the latter study only demonstrated an increased sleep latency in methylphenidate-treated children with ADHD and no difference in sleep latency when children were not medicated. Additionally, these studies of sleep architecture did not include any assessment of cardiorespiratory measurements.…”

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confidence: 82%

Sleep Disturbances in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

et al. 2003

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The objective of the study was to compare polysomnographic patterns in two groups of preadolescent children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (a sleep clinic referral sample and a community sample) with control children. A prospective and observational study in the sleep clinic and the community was undertaken. Forty-seven ADHD children referred to the sleep clinic (ADHDcl), 53 ADHD children from a community survey (ADHDcom), and 49 control children underwent overnight polysomnography. Significant differences between the groups were observed for rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep latency and percentage, and periodic limb movement index with associated arousals (PLMa). REM sleep latency was shorter in controls than ADHDcl and ADHDcom (p Ͻ 0.01) and REM% was highest in controls and lowest in ADHDcl (p Ͻ 0.001). PLMa was higher in ADHDcl than the other groups (p Ͻ 0.001), but there were no differences in PLMa between ADHDcom and controls. ADHD children display significant alterations in their sleep patterns, and ADHDcl are more likely to have an elevated PLMa than ADHDcom. In addition, REM sleep is affected by ADHD. We postulate that ADHDcl may represent a subset of children with ADHD at high risk for hyperactivity during sleep. Parental reports of sleep disturbances are common in children with ADHD (1-8) and were previously included as one of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition, diagnostic criteria for attention deficit disorder (9). The study of sleep problems in ADHD may be particularly important because disturbances in sleep, such as SDB (2, 10 -14), narcolepsy (15), and PLMS (16 -19), may present symptoms that resemble ADHD.In a survey of sleep habits of 46 children with ADHD and 46 controls aged 5-10 y, Owens et al. (7) showed that children with ADHD scored significantly higher on all sleep subscales than controls, i.e. increased bedtime resistance, sleep-onset delay, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, and excessive daytime sleepiness. The children in this study also completed questionnaires, and those with ADHD also reported more sleep disturbance than controls. In a three-stage study by Kaplan et al. (1), the validity of clinical reports of increased sleep disturbance in ADHD children was evaluated. In both clinical and community settings, parents of ADHD children perceived far more sleep disturbances than controls. However, daily documentation to minimize reporting bias demonstrated that ADHD children did seem to differ from controls with regard to sleep duration, number of awakenings, and enuresis, but not with regard to sleep latency or total sleep time.

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“…The children themselves also report sleep difficulties more often than children without ADHD [38]. Self-report studies show that more than half the children with ADHD reported that they experienced sleep difficulties [5,20,30], which could be of great theoretical importance in the clinical work. The ADHD disorder affects approximately 3-5% of all school age children [3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Children's sleeping behaviour is also primarily reported by parents. Studies have documented a discrepancy between parental reports on sleep difficulties and objective measurements, raising the question that parents may tend to overestimate the problem [8,20,26,32,33,39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental rating of sleep in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Hvolby¹,

Jørgensen

Bilenberg

2009

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Objective: Sleep problems have often been associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Parents of those with ADHD and children with ADHD report sleep difficulties more frequently than healthy children and their parents. The primary objective of this paper is to describe sleep patterns and problems of 5 to 11-year-old children suffering from ADHD as described by parental reports and sleep questionnaires. Method: The study included 321 children aged 5–11 years (average age 8.4 years); 45 were diagnosed with ADHD, 64 had other psychiatric diagnoses, and 212 were healthy. One hundred and ninety-six of the test subjects were boys and 125 were girls. A semi-structured interview (Kiddie-SADS-PL) was used to DSM-IV diagnose ADHD and comorbidity in the clinical group. Sleep difficulties were rated using a structured sleep questionnaire (Children Sleep Behaviour Scale). Results: Children diagnosed with ADHD had a significantly increased occurrence of sleep problems. Difficulties relating to bedtime and unsettled sleep were significantly more frequent in the ADHD group than in the other groups. Children with ADHD showed prolonged sleep onset latency, but no difference was shown regarding numbers of awakenings per night and total sleep time per night. Comorbid oppositional defiant disorder appeared not to have an added effect on problematic behaviour around bedtime. Conclusion: Parents of children with ADHD report that their children do not sleep properly more often than other parents. The ADHD group report problems with bedtime resistance, problems with sleep onset latency, unsettled sleep and nightmares more often than the control groups. It may therefore be relevant for clinicians to initiate a closer examination of those cases reporting sleep difficulties

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Sleep Architecture and REM Sleep Measures in Prepubertal Children with Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity

Cited by 113 publications

References 0 publications

Spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity in a mouse mutant with a deletion including the Snap gene on chromosome 2

Spontaneous locomotor hyperactivity in a mouse mutant with a deletion including the Snap gene on chromosome 2

Sleep Disturbances in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Parental rating of sleep in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

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