“…This variation in sleep timing has been used as a proxy for chronotype, or the individual phase of entrainment [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 ]. Recently, studies have reported a biphasic shift of sleep timing in parallel with chronological maturation [ 1 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ], with adolescents continuously shifting later during adolescence, and then becoming earlier again in early adulthood [ 1 , 12 , 13 ]. Adolescents on average have a later phase of entrainment and this is paralleled by their sleep timings, especially on non-school days when sleep timing is not affected by school start times, but at least in part regulated by the circadian system.…”