Sleep deprivation and false confessions

Frenda, Steven J.; Berkowitz, Shari R.; Loftus, Elizabeth F.; Fenn, Kimberly M.

doi:10.1073/pnas.1521518113

Cited by 104 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…FTO has also been shown to demethylate m 6 Am, adjacent to the mRNA 5’ cap (Fu, 2012; Mauer et al, 2017) as well as internal m 6 A, impacting mRNA metabolism. The m 6 A demethylation activity of ALKBH5 critically impacts mRNA nuclear export and spermatogenesis, and both enzymes participate in the various disease mechanisms related to cancer (Cui et al, 2017; Li et al, 2017b; Zhang et al, 2016a, 2017). A recent study discovered that the METTL3-METTL14 complex is rapidly recruited to the DNA damage site created by UV irradiation where it mediates local RNA m 6 A methylation.…”

Section: Dynamic Control Of the ‘Epitranscriptome’ By Methyltransferamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Various cancers show altered levels of either FTO or ALKBH5, and the perturbations in transcript methylation cause widespread deregulation of their targets (Cui et al, 2017; Li et al, 2017b; Zhang et al, 2016a, 2016b, 2017). In some cases, inhibition of these demethylases with small molecule inhibitors could reduce cancer progression, as with the naturally occurring oncometabolite 2-hydroxyglutarate (2HG), which may inhibit FTO and/or ALKBH5 and lead to observed benign outcomes (Brat et al, 2015; Chou et al, 2011; Eckel-Passow et al, 2015; Patel et al, 2012; Yan et al, 2009).…”

Section: Different Modes In Reading Rna Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamic RNA Modifications in Gene Expression Regulation

Roundtree

Evans

Pan

et al. 2017

Cell

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Over one hundred types of chemical modifications have been identified in cellular RNAs. While the 5’ cap modification and the poly(A) tail of eukaryotic messenger RNA play key roles in regulation, internal modifications are gaining attention for their roles in mRNA metabolism. The most abundant internal modification is N6-methyladenosine (m6A), and identification of proteins that install, recognize, and remove this and other marks have revealed roles for mRNA modification in nearly every aspect of the mRNA lifecycle, as well as in various cellular, developmental, and disease processes. Abundant noncoding RNAs such as transfer RNAs, ribosomal RNAs and spliceosomal RNAs are also heavily modified and depend on the modifications for their biogenesis and function. Our understanding of the biological contributions of these different chemical modifications is beginning to take shape, but it’s clear that in both coding and noncoding RNA, dynamic modifications represent a new layer of control of genetic information.

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Section: Dynamic Control Of the ‘Epitranscriptome’ By Methyltransferamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Different Modes In Reading Rna Modificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamic RNA Modifications in Gene Expression Regulation

Roundtree

Evans

Pan

et al. 2017

Cell

2,606

2,401

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show abstract

“…Follow‐up experiments have replicated this false evidence effect even when the confession was said to bear a financial consequence or future commitment of time, particularly among children and adolescents who are both more compliant and suggestible than adults, in laboratory subjects who were sleep deprived for a full night, and in a situation in which subjects were accused of stealing money in a computerized gambling experiment . In one dramatic demonstration of this effect, college students were confronted with misinformation about their past ostensibly derived from their own family members.…”

Section: Processes Of Interrogation: Confession As the Product Of Socmentioning

confidence: 95%

False confessions

Kassin

2017

WIRES Cognitive Science

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As illustrated by numerous cases in recent years, DNA exonerations of innocent individuals have cast a spotlight on the counterintuitive problem of false confessions. Studying the underlying psychology scientists have found that (1) innocent people are often targeted for interrogation because police make erroneous but confident judgments of deception; (2) certain interrogation techniques-namely, lengthy sessions, presentations of false evidence, and minimization themes that imply leniency-increase the risk that innocent people will confess; (3) certain individuals are particularly vulnerable to influence-notably, those with mental health problems or intellectual impairments, which render them overly compliant or suggestible, and children and adolescents, who exhibit 'immaturity of judgment'; (4) confession evidence is highly persuasive in court as a matter of common sense, increasing perceptions of guilt, even among judges and juries who see the confession as coerced, and even at times when the confession is contradicted by exculpatory information; (5) Miranda rights to silence and to counsel are not sufficiently protective, so proposals for reform have centered on the mandatory recording of interrogations, from start to finish, and a shift toward using investigative interviewing-a less confrontational, less deceptive means of questioning suspects. WIREs Cogn Sci 2017, 8:e1439. doi: 10.1002/wcs.1439 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.

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“…Finally, multiple studies have identified fatigue and sleep deprivation as situational risk factors that increase the likelihood of a false confession (Blagrove, ; Drizin & Leo, ; Frenda, Berkowitz, Loftus, & Fenn, ; Harrison & Horne, ; Kassin et al, ; Leo & Drizin, ). The lack of sleep examined by these studies is usually due to a lengthy interrogation and is thus attributed directly to police behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How confession characteristics impact juror perceptions of evidence in criminal trials

Shifton

2019

Behavioral Sci & The Law

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A confession is one of the most impactful pieces of evidence that can be presented in a criminal trial, yet very little is known about how perceptions of evidence change based on characteristics of the confession. While researchers know that “circumstances of the setting”, such as length of interrogation, number of interrogators, and lack of sleep, increase the likelihood of false confessions, less is known about whether juror perceptions of the confession are impacted by these factors. The current research builds on the existing literature by evaluating the impact of these situational confession factors to determine whether jurors give weight to characteristics that are known to increase the likelihood of a false confession. Two experimental surveys were conducted, one using a sample of undergraduate students and one using a sample of jury‐eligible adults, in order to determine how respondents perceived a confession's strength. Results showed that confessions arising from lengthy interrogations were perceived to be weaker than those arising from short interrogations. However, multiple interrogators and a lack of sleep had little impact on evidence perceptions; these factors indicate a questionable confession to experts, but not to jurors. The implications for criminal justice theory, criminal trials, and future research are discussed.

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Sleep deprivation and false confessions

Cited by 104 publications

References 26 publications

Dynamic RNA Modifications in Gene Expression Regulation

Dynamic RNA Modifications in Gene Expression Regulation

False confessions

How confession characteristics impact juror perceptions of evidence in criminal trials

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