Sleep Deprivation in the Rat: X. Integration and Discussion of the Findings

Rechtschaffen, Allan; Bergmann, Bernard M.; Everson, Carol A.; Kushida, Clete A.; Gilliland, Marcia A.

doi:10.1093/sleep/25.1.68

Cited by 270 publications

(233 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

218

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Total sleep deprivation and forced-swim test F Lopez-Rodriguez et al corticosterone concentrations, also are similar between the two groups of rats, as described previously (Rechtschaffen et al, 1989). On the other hand, the amount of sleep is significantly diminished in the sleep-deprived rats compared to the stimulus-control rats and, hence, sleep deprivation is the most likely cause for the difference in behavior in the forced-swim test between the two groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Total Sleep Deprivation Decreases Immobility In The Forced-Swim Test

Rodríguez

Kim

Poland

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sleep deprivation can exert antidepressant effects in humans in less than 24 h, making it the fastest acting antidepressant treatment. However, it is rarely used clinically because the effect disappears once the subject goes back to sleep. An understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms underlying the antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation should help to develop new rapidly acting antidepressant strategies. In the present report, an animal model of depression (the forced-swim test) was used to determine whether the effects of total sleep deprivation parallel those obtained with antidepressant drugs. Using the disk-over-water method, rats deprived of sleep for 24 h exhibited increased swimming behavior when compared to cage control rats, mimicking the effects of serotonergic antidepressants. After 48 h, sleep-deprived rats exhibited increased swimming when compared to both cage control and stimulus control rats, demonstrating that the effect is due to sleep deprivation per se, and not to extraneous factors inherent in the sleep deprivation protocol (such as stress and movement). We believe that this paradigm can be used to study the neurobiological mechanisms of rapid antidepressant effects induced by sleep deprivation.

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Total Sleep Deprivation Decreases Immobility In The Forced-Swim Test

Rodríguez

Kim

Poland

2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Weight loss was attributed to increased energy expenditure. In later studies, 116 total sleep deprivation caused similar symptoms together with decreased body temperature and perturbations in the plasma hormones, norepinephrine and thyroxine. Changes suggested that sleep might be necessary for thermoregulation.…”

Section: Metabonomic Studies Of Physiological Variationmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…The effects of sleep deprivation have been well documented in the rat. 115,116 In a study carried out by Everson 115 into total sleep deprivation in the rat, all animals died within 11-21 days. 115 No anatomical cause of death was determined, although animals showed signs of lesions to the tail and paws and weight loss, despite increased food consumption.…”

Section: Metabonomic Studies Of Physiological Variationmentioning

confidence: 99%

NMR-based metabonomic approaches for evaluating physiological influences on biofluid composition

et al. 2004

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Strategies such as genomics, proteomics and metabonomics are being applied with increasing frequency in the pharmaceutical industry. For each of these approaches, toxicological response can be measured by terms of deviation from control or baseline status. However, in order to accurately define drug-induced response, it is necessary to characterize the normal degree of physiological variation in the absence of stimuli. Here, 1 H NMR spectroscopic-based analyses of the metabolic composition of urine in experimental animals under various normal physiological conditions are reviewed. In particular, the effects of inter-animal and diurnal variation, gender, age, diet, species, strain, hormonal status and stress on the biochemical composition of urine are explored. Pattern recognition methods facilitate the comparison of urine NMR spectra over a given time-course, enabling the establishment of changes in profile and highlighting the dynamic metabolic status of an organism. Thus metabonomic approaches based on information-rich spectroscopic data sets can be used to evaluate normal physiological variation and for investigation of drug safety issues.

show abstract

“…Similarly, during early development in the rat, lost NREM sleep is made up primarily by increasing NREM sleep duration (Frank et al, 1998). Whether lost sleep is made up by increasing sleep intensity or sleep duration, it is clear that homeostasis is a hallmark of mammalian sleep (Flanigan et al, 1973;Rechtschaffen et al, 1989). Recognizing the importance of homeostatic processes in sleep regulation, Irene Tobler enhanced the utility of the behavioral analysis proposed by Pieron by including the requirement that, in addition to increased arousal thresholds and rapid reversibility, quiescent periods show signs of homeostatic regulation (Tobler, 1983).…”

Section: Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perchance to dream: Solving the mystery of sleep through genetic analysis

Shaw

Franken

2002

J. Neurobiol.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sleep has been identified in all mammals and nonmammalian vertebrates that have been critically evaluated. In addition, sleep-like states have also been identified and described in several invertebrates. Despite this prevalence throughout the animal kingdom, the function of sleep remains a mystery. The completion of several genome sequencing projects has led to the expectation that fundamental aspects of sleep can be elucidated through genetic dissection. Indeed, studies in both the mouse and fly have begun to reveal tantalizing suggestions about the underlying principles that regulate sleep homeostasis. In this article we will review recent studies that have used genetic techniques to evaluate sleep in the fruit fly and the mouse.

show abstract

Sleep Deprivation in the Rat: X. Integration and Discussion of the Findings

Cited by 270 publications

References 0 publications

Total Sleep Deprivation Decreases Immobility In The Forced-Swim Test

Total Sleep Deprivation Decreases Immobility In The Forced-Swim Test

NMR-based metabonomic approaches for evaluating physiological influences on biofluid composition

Perchance to dream: Solving the mystery of sleep through genetic analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About