Sleep Deprivation Specifically Impairs Short-term Olfactory Memory in Drosophila

Li, Xinjian; Yu, Feng; Guo, Aike

doi:10.1093/sleep/32.11.1417

Cited by 73 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The lack of a homeostatic response seen in for R flies may represent either an adaptation that allows animals to better withstand the negative effects of waking, or it may indicate that foraging disrupts regulatory processes, thereby preventing flies from obtaining needed sleep. Because deficits in short-term memory are a robust consequence of sleep loss (13,22,23), we evaluated short-term memory (STM) using aversive phototaxic suppression (APS) in for R , for s , and for s2 flies following 12 h of SD. In the APS, flies are individually placed in a T maze and allowed to choose between a lighted and darkened chamber (13,24).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

foraging alters resilience/vulnerability to sleep disruption and starvation in Drosophila

Donlea

Leahy

Thimgan

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Recent human studies suggest that genetic polymorphisms allow an individual to maintain optimal cognitive functioning during sleep deprivation. If such polymorphisms were not associated with additional costs, selective pressures would allow these alleles to spread through the population such that an evolutionary alternative to sleep would emerge. To determine whether there are indeed costs associated with resiliency to sleep loss, we challenged natural allelic variants of the foraging gene (for) with either sleep deprivation or starvation. Flies with high levels of Protein Kinase G (PKG) (for R ) do not display deficits in short-term memory following 12 h of sleep deprivation. However, short-term memory is significantly disrupted when for R flies are starved overnight. In contrast, flies with low levels of PKG (for s , for s2 ) show substantial deficits in short-term memory following sleep deprivation but retain their ability to learn after 12 h of starvation. We found that for R phenotypes could be largely recapitulated in for s flies by selectively increasing the level of PKG in the α/β lobes of the mushroom bodies, a structure known to regulate both sleep and memory. Together, these data indicate that whereas the expression of for may appear to provide resilience in one environmental context, it may confer an unexpected vulnerability in other situations. Understanding how these tradeoffs confer resilience or vulnerability to specific environmental challenges may provide additional clues as to why an evolutionary alternative to sleep has not emerged.A lthough sleep is a behavioral state that is conserved across a diverse range of species, the biological functions of sleep remain unknown. Sleep deprivation (SD) has been shown to negatively impact cognition, but individual responses to sleep loss can vary significantly within a population (1). Recent studies suggest that a portion of this variability may be influenced by genetic factors (2). For example, polymorphisms for PERIOD 3 (PER3), a circadian clock gene, can predict the magnitude of cognitive impairment and sleep homeostasis in response to a night of SD in humans (2). Although these genetic contributions may attenuate impairments following SD, the tradeoffs associated with resistance to sleep loss remain unknown. Presumably, the potential costs must be substantial. Thus, it is likely that the price of protection from sleep loss that can be conferred by allelic variation in one environment may induce a cost when manifested in a different environment. To date, putative costs of resiliency to sleep loss have not been identified in humans or any model organism.foraging (for), which codes for Protein Kinase G (PKG), is maintained in wild-type populations as a genetic polymorphism that results in either higher or lower levels of PKG activity (3). The allele associated with higher levels of PKG ("rover"; for R ) results in larvae with longer foraging trails between food patches, whereas the allele associated with lower levels of PKG ("sitter"; for s ) results i...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

foraging alters resilience/vulnerability to sleep disruption and starvation in Drosophila

Donlea

Leahy

Thimgan

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…However, despite a long standing interest in the circadian regulation of Drosophila 50 activity, little was known about the biological characteristics of the mainly nocturnal resting state until the year 2000, when two independent laboratories demonstrated that the prolonged inactivity observed in Drosophila fully satisfies the five behavioural characteristics that define a sleep-like status 2 : (i) consolidated circadian periods of immobility, (ii) a species-specific posture and/or resting place, (iii) an increased arousal threshold, (iv) reversibility to wakefulness and (v) a 55 homeostatic regulatory mechanism 3,4 . We now know that sleep loss has similar detrimental effects on flies as it has on mammals 5,6 and that social experience modulates sleep need in Drosophila, as it does in vertebrates 7,8 . Conservation of sleep from humans to flies extends beyond behaviour to pharmacology (e.g.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flies, like vertebrates, show both cognitive and physical impairments upon prolonged sleep deprivation with consequences that range from learning deficits to death 6,18 . There are several ways to perform sleep deprivation in Drosophila: pharmacological; mechanical; social; and starvation-induced.…”

Section: Choice Of Computermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is possible to obtain robust sleep deprivation through 220 mechanical stimulation of flies: for instance, tapping the vials where the flies are housed whenever they stop moving 3 , spinning the flies upside down to interfere with their geotactic instincts 6,18 , or placing flies on a laboratory orbital rotator 19 . Manual sleep deprivation is efficient but incompatible with high throughput experimental conditions; automatic sleep deprivation provides a good compromise and can be achieved by placing the monitor in a 225 rotating device, which is relatively easy to build 18 , or on a common laboratory orbital shaker 19 • Socially-induced suppression of sleep.…”

Section: Choice Of Computermentioning

confidence: 99%

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Video tracking and analysis of sleep in Drosophila melanogaster

Gilestro

2012

Nat Protoc

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30In the past decade, Drosophila has emerged as an ideal model organism to study the genetic components of sleep, its regulation and functions. In fruitflies, sleep can be conveniently estimated by measuring the locomotor activity of the animals using techniques and instruments adapted from the field of circadian behaviour. However, proper analysis of sleep requires degrees of spatial and temporal resolution higher than is needed by circadian scientists, and different algorithms and 35 software for data analysis. Here, I describe how to perform sleep experiments in flies using techniques and software (pySolo and pySolo-Video) created and developed in my laboratory. I focus on computer assisted video-tracking as instrument to monitor flies activity; I explain how to prepare the necessary equipment and how to plan a sleep analysis that covers the basic aspects of sleep, closing with data analysis. A typical experiment for sleep analysis requires 5-7 days to 40 perform.

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“…Acute sleep deprivation and chronic sleep restriction cause significant decrements in short-term and long-term memories in humans and in animal models. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] In mammals, the consolidation of hippocampal dependent spatial memory is particularly susceptible to the effects of sleep deprivation. [10][11][12] In Drosophila and mouse models, genetic mutants exhibiting reduced sleep also show impairments in memory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute Sleep Deprivation Blocks Short- and Long-Term Operant Memory inAplysia

Krishnan

Gandour

Ramos

et al. 2016

Sleep

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Study Objectives: Insufficient sleep in individuals appears increasingly common due to the demands of modern work schedules and technology use. Consequently, there is a growing need to understand the interactions between sleep deprivation and memory. The current study determined the effects of acute sleep deprivation on short and long-term associative memory using the marine mollusk Aplysia californica, a relatively simple model system well known for studies of learning and memory. Methods: Aplysia were sleep deprived for 9 hours using context changes and tactile stimulation either prior to or after training for the operant learning paradigm, learning that food is inedible (LFI). The effects of sleep deprivation on short-term (STM) and long-term memory (LTM) were assessed. Results: Acute sleep deprivation prior to LFI training impaired the induction of STM and LTM with persistent effects lasting at least 24 h. Sleep deprivation immediately after training blocked the consolidation of LTM. However, sleep deprivation following the period of molecular consolidation did not affect memory recall. Memory impairments were independent of handling-induced stress, as daytime handled control animals demonstrated no memory deficits. Additional training immediately after sleep deprivation failed to rescue the induction of memory, but additional training alleviated the persistent impairment in memory induction when training occurred 24 h following sleep deprivation. Conclusions: Acute sleep deprivation inhibited the induction and consolidation, but not the recall of memory. These behavioral studies establish Aplysia as an effective model system for studying the interactions between sleep and memory formation.

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Sleep Deprivation Specifically Impairs Short-term Olfactory Memory in Drosophila

Abstract: We found that slpD specifically impaired 1-h memory in Drosophila, and either silencing of MB transmission during slpD or down-regulation of the cAMP level in the MB protected the flies from slpD-induced impairment.

Cited by 73 publications

References 45 publications

foraging alters resilience/vulnerability to sleep disruption and starvation in Drosophila

foraging alters resilience/vulnerability to sleep disruption and starvation in Drosophila

Video tracking and analysis of sleep in Drosophila melanogaster

Acute Sleep Deprivation Blocks Short- and Long-Term Operant Memory inAplysia

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