Sleep deprivation suppresses the increase of rapid eye movement density across sleep cycles

Marzano, Cristina; Simoni, E. De; Tempesta, Daniela; Ferrara, Michele; Gennaro, Luigi De

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00886.x

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…On the one hand, phasic periods are highly activated states with respect to cortical [39,69], mental [40,42] and autonomic activity [116] and resemble active wakefulness. The duration of phasic REM sleep (i.e., REM density) increases towards the end of the night, suggesting that the appearance of phasic periods is facilitated with decreasing homeostatic sleep pressure [117]. Accordingly, sleep deprivation reduces REM density during the recovery night by suppressing the late night increase of phasic periods [117].…”

Section: The Paradoxical Nature Of Phasic and Tonic Remmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The duration of phasic REM sleep (i.e., REM density) increases towards the end of the night, suggesting that the appearance of phasic periods is facilitated with decreasing homeostatic sleep pressure [117]. Accordingly, sleep deprivation reduces REM density during the recovery night by suppressing the late night increase of phasic periods [117]. REM density is also to some extent modulated by circadian factors, especially in periods of low sleep pressure as revealed by a study applying a forced desynchronization protocol.…”

Section: The Paradoxical Nature Of Phasic and Tonic Remmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The microstructure of REM sleep: Why phasic and tonic?

Simor

Wijk

Nobili

et al. 2020

Sleep Medicine Reviews

140

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s u m m a r yRapid eye movement (REM) sleep is a peculiar neural state that occupies 20e25% of nighttime sleep in healthy human adults and seems to play critical roles in a variety of functions spanning from basic physiological mechanisms to complex cognitive processes. REM sleep exhibits a plethora of transient neurophysiological features, such as eye movements, muscle twitches, and changes in autonomic activity, however, despite its heterogeneous nature, it is usually conceptualized as a homogeneous sleep state. We propose here that differentiating and exploring the fine microstructure of REM sleep, especially its phasic and tonic constituents would provide a novel framework to examine the mechanisms and putative functions of REM sleep. In this review, we show that phasic and tonic REM periods are remarkably different neural states with respect to environmental alertness, spontaneous and evoked cortical activity, information processing, and seem to contribute differently to the dysfunctions of REM sleep in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. We highlight that a distinctive view on phasic and tonic REM microstates would facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms and functions of REM sleep in healthy and pathological conditions.

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Section: The Paradoxical Nature Of Phasic and Tonic Remmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Paradoxical Nature Of Phasic and Tonic Remmentioning

confidence: 99%

The microstructure of REM sleep: Why phasic and tonic?

Simor

Wijk

Nobili

et al. 2020

Sleep Medicine Reviews

140

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…However, above the age of 70 years the opposite is true (Wauquier, 1993). According to Marzano et al (2011), there is no significant difference between the REMD of men and women in their twenties (Marzano et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In connection with sex, different studies obtained different results. On the one hand, Marzano et al (2011) studied men and women in their twenties and found that there is no significant difference between their REMDs. On the other hand, Wauquier (1993) found that REMD changes differently in women and men as they agebetween the ages of 60 and 70 years the REMD of women is higher than that of men, while above the age of 70 years the opposite is true.…”

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confidence: 99%

Rapid eye movement density during REM sleep in dogs (Canis familiaris)

2018

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Dogs (Canis familiaris) are excellent models of human behavior as during domestication they have adapted to the same environment as humans. There have been many comparative studies on dog behavior; however, several easily measurable and analyzable psychophysiological variables that are widely used in humans are still largely unexplored in dogs. One such measure is rapid eye movement density (REMD) during REM sleep. The aim of this study was to test the viability of measuring REMD in dogs and to explore the relationship between the REMD and different variables (sex, age, body size, and REM sleep duration). Fifty family dogs of different breeds and ages (from 6 months to 15 years old) participated in a 3-h non-invasive polysomnography recording, and the data for 31 of them could be analyzed. The signal of the electro-oculogram (EOG) was used to detect the rapid eye movements during REM sleep, and REMD was calculated based on these data. The duration of REM sleep had a quadratic effect on REMD. Subjects' REMD increased with age, but only in male dogs with short REM sleep duration. Furthermore, in the case of dogs with short REM sleep, the interaction of body mass and REM sleep duration had a significant effect on REMD. No such effects were found in dogs with long REM duration. These results suggest that relationships may exist between REMD and several different variables. Keywords Rapid eye movement density. REMD. REM sleep. Dogs Most living creatures (from molluscs to mammals) spend a significant proportion of their time asleep despite its high costs (decreased sensitivity to environmental stimuli, inability to feed or breed, etc.) (Campbell & Tobler, 1984). Furthermore, sleep has been shown to relate to individual characteristics (e.g., personality: Gray & Watson, 2002) and waking behavior (e.g., pre-sleep learning: Wuyts et al., 2012). However, it is still not known how sleep evolved, and what the exact functions of sleep are (Krueger et al., 2016).

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“…Marzano and colleagues also conducted a sleep deprivation study and quantified the sleep EEG as well as rapid eye movements during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (Marzano et al. , 2010).…”

Section: Sleep Deprivation and Rapid Eye Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk-taking and other effects of sleep loss on brain function and behaviour

Dijk

2011

Journal of Sleep Research

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The sleep-deprivation paradigm remains a powerful approach in the study of the functions of sleep. When combined with the assessment of novel dependent measures or integration of multiple standard variables new insights may be obtained. This issue of the Journal of Sleep Research contains several studies that shed some new light on the effects of sleep deprivation and sleepiness. In addition, several papers emphasize the need to better characterize and understand the consequences of insomnia. SLEEP DEPRIVATION A ND EVENT-RELATED ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHIC (EEG) ACTIV ITYSleepiness: event-related activity, rapid-and slow-eye movements, risk-taking and driving Whereas analysis of the tonic EEG is common in sleep deprivation studies, far fewer studies have focussed on the analysis of event-related EEG activity. Hoedlmoser and colleagues combine a classic sleep-deprivation paradigm with a well-established performance measure (the Psychomotor Vigilance Task), standard spectral analysis of the wake EEG as well as an evoked potential approach including analyses of the amplitude of the early positive components but also inter-trial variability in the timing (Hoedlmoser et al., 2010). The result show that sleep deprivation-induced performance decrements are associated with an increase in delta and theta activity in the ongoing EEG, a reduction in the amplitude of the positive event-related potential component P1 and an increase in the inter-trial variability or phase-locking index for delta and theta activity. This ÔoppositeÕ response of the ongoing versus eventrelated EEG is interpreted within the context of the hypothesis that sleep deprivation leads to a reduction in the precision of timing of oscillatory (theta) activity related to visual stimuli. SLEEP DEPRIVATION A ND RAPID EYE MOVEM ENTSMarzano and colleagues also conducted a sleep deprivation study and quantified the sleep EEG as well as rapid eye movements during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep (Marzano et al., 2010). They replicate previous observations of a reduction of REM density after sleep deprivation and its increase across the sleep episode. As the authors discuss, it was often assumed that these phenomena were related to the sleep and sleep deprivation-dependent changes in homeostatic sleep pressure as reflected in slow-wave activity. By simply calculating correlations between EEG power spectra and REM density the authors discovered that the best predictor is not slow-wave activity but EEG activity in the fast sigma activity range. The physiological connection between these two phenomena remains to be established and the authors provide some interesting speculations. SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND RISK-TAKINGDo we only get tired during sleep deprivation, only suffer from reduced attention or are higher cognitive functions such as executive functions also affected? Maybe surprisingly, the jury is still out (Killgore, 2010;Lim and Dinges, 2010). Here Killgore and colleagues use a long total sleep-deprivation approach: 75 h of sustained wakefulness; and describe yet an...

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Sleep deprivation suppresses the increase of rapid eye movement density across sleep cycles

Cited by 18 publications

References 31 publications

The microstructure of REM sleep: Why phasic and tonic?

The microstructure of REM sleep: Why phasic and tonic?

Rapid eye movement density during REM sleep in dogs (Canis familiaris)

Risk-taking and other effects of sleep loss on brain function and behaviour

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