Sleep-deprived mice show altered cytokine production manifest by perturbations in serum IL-1ra, TNFa, and IL-6 levels

Effects of sleep deprivation on the development of autoimmune disease in an experimental model of systemic lupus erythematosus

“…Recently, a study (17) showed that SD induced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1, TNF, and IL-6. As reviewed by Kishimoto and Hirano (20), abnormal IL-6 production results in polyclonal B cell activation and the occurrence of autoimmune features.…”

The Role of Cytokines in Sleep Regulation

“…Many laboratories have developed what is now overwhelming evidence linking sleep deprivation-enhanced inter-leukin-1 beta (IL1), and the related cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), to symptoms associated with sleep deprivation, such as sensitivity to kindling [4] and pain stimuli [5,6,7], cognitive [8,9,10], memory [11,12,13], and performance impairments [11], depression [14,15], sleepiness [2,16,17], and fatigue [14,18,19]. Further, chronic sleep loss is associated with pathologies such as metabolic syndrome [20,21,22], chronic inflammation [23,24], and cardiovascular disease [reviewed 25]. All of these sleep deprivation-associated symptoms can be induced by injection of exogenous IL1 and/or TNF [reviewed 1,2], or in some cases blocked if these cytokines are inhibited [21,26,27].…”

Phagocyte migration and cellular stress induced in liver, lung, and intestine during sleep loss and sleep recovery

“…Also, scientific endeavors largely have been focused on cells and molecules associated with the classical immune system, rather than those of the innate immune system. Investigators in recent years have reported increases in various circulating proinflammatory molecules with different time courses in both human (2,31,47,51,63,72) and animal (14,32) sleep-deprived subjects, but there is a dearth of evidence of any physiological causes, consequences, or sequelae.…”