Sleep disturbances and upregulation of brain arousal during daytime in depressed versus non-depressed elderly subjects

Ulke, Christine; Sander, Christian; Jawinski, Philippe; Mauche, Nicole; Huang, Jue; Spada, Janek; Wittekind, Dirk Alexander; Mergl, Roland; Luck, Tobias; Riedel‐Heller, Steffi G.; Hensch, Tilman; Hegerl, Ulrich

doi:10.1080/15622975.2016.1224924

Cited by 31 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…According to the Arousal Regulation Model of Affective Disorders [7,8], hypostable and hyperstable levels of arousal contribute to manic and depressive-like behavior, respectively. Several empirical studies have supported this model [9][10][11][12]. Notably, similar concepts have previously been proposed on the relationship between arousal and the personality traits extraversion [13] and sensation seeking [14].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Human brain arousal in the resting state: a genome-wide association study

et al. 2018

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Arousal affects cognition, emotion, and behavior and has been implicated in the etiology of psychiatric disorders. Although environmental conditions substantially contribute to the level of arousal, stable interindividual characteristics are well-established and a genetic basis has been suggested. Here we investigated the molecular genetics of brain arousal in the resting state by conducting a genome-wide association study (GWAS). We selected N = 1877 participants from the population-based LIFE-Adult cohort. Participants underwent a 20-min eyes-closed resting state EEG, which was analyzed using the computerized VIGALL 2.1 (Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig). At the SNP-level, GWAS analyses revealed no genome-wide significant locus (p < 5E-8), although seven loci were suggestive (p < 1E-6). The strongest hit was an expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) of TMEM159 (lead-SNP: rs79472635, p = 5.49E-8). Importantly, at the gene-level, GWAS analyses revealed significant evidence for TMEM159 (p = 0.013, Bonferroni-corrected). By mapping our SNPs to the GWAS results from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium, we found that all corresponding markers of TMEM159 showed nominally significant associations with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD; 0.006 ≤ p ≤ 0.011). More specifically, variants associated with high arousal levels have previously been linked to an increased risk for MDD. In line with this, the MetaXcan database suggests increased expression levels of TMEM159 in MDD, as well as Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Alzheimer's Disease. Furthermore, our pathway analyses provided evidence for a role of sodium/calcium exchangers in resting state arousal. In conclusion, the present GWAS identifies TMEM159 as a novel candidate gene which may modulate the risk for psychiatric disorders through arousal mechanisms. Our results also encourage the elaboration of the previously reported interrelations between ion-channel modulators, sleep-wake behavior, and psychiatric disorders.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Human brain arousal in the resting state: a genome-wide association study

et al. 2018

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“…Thus, we hypothesize that adulthood insecure attachment positively predicts an individual's sleep quality. Sleep problem has been proved to impair college students' mental and physical health, and sleep disorders can cause depression-like behaviors [20]. Thus, we hypothesize that sleep problem mediates the relationship between adulthood insecure attachment and depression (H1) ( Figure 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Relationship between Insecure Attachment to Depression: Mediating Role of Sleep and Cognitive Reappraisal

Liu

et al. 2020

Neural Plasticity

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Previously, we have shown that neuromodulators are important factors in stress-induced emotional disorders, such as depression, for example, serotonin is the major substance for depression. Many psychological studies have proved that depression is due to insecure attachment. In addition, sleep is a major symptom of depression. Furthermore, serotonin is the substrate for both sleep and depression. To explore the role of sleep in the relationships between insecure attachment and depression, we investigated 755 college students with Close Relationship Inventory, Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Self-rated Depression Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The results showed that (1) insecure attachment positively predicted poor sleep quality; (2) sleep quality partially affected depression, possibly due the same stress neuromodulators such as norepinephrine and cortisol; and (3) cognitive reappraisal moderated the mediating path leading from attachment anxiety to poor sleep quality. These findings highlight the moderating role of cognitive reappraisal in the effects of attachment anxiety on sleep quality and finally on depression. In conclusion, sleep quality links attachment anxiety and emotional disorders.

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“…In many cases disturbed sleep emerges even before the onset of clinical depression, up to 90% of people with depression complain about diminished sleep quality, which often includes self-referential, agonizing rumination while being awake during the night (German: "Nächtliches Grübeln") (Benjamins et al, 2017;Nolen-Hoeksema, Wisco, & Lyubomirsky, 2008). At the same time, this reduced sleep quality is associated with altered state of vigilance regulation during daytime-in particular hyperarousal (Riemann et al, 2010;Ulke et al, 2017). Also, many antidepressants decrease vigilance (Alberti, Chiesa, Andrisano, & Serretti, 2015;Hensch et al, 2015)-in addition to their effect on frontal functional connectivity (see above)-and it has been suggested that this effect on vigilance contributes to their antidepressant effects (Hegerl & Hensch, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ketamine effects on default mode network activity and vigilance: A randomized, placebo‐controlled crossover simultaneous fMRI/EEG study

Zacharias

Musso

Müller

et al. 2019

Human Brain Mapping

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In resting‐state functional connectivity experiments, a steady state (of consciousness) is commonly supposed. However, recent research has shown that the resting state is a rather dynamic than a steady state. In particular, changes of vigilance appear to play a prominent role. Accordingly, it is critical to assess the state of vigilance when conducting pharmacodynamic studies with resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using drugs that are known to affect vigilance such as (subanesthetic) ketamine. In this study, we sought to clarify whether the previously described ketamine‐induced prefrontal decrease of functional connectivity is related to diminished vigilance as assessed by electroencephalography (EEG). We conducted a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled crossover study with subanesthetic S‐Ketamine in N = 24 healthy, young subjects by simultaneous acquisition of resting‐state fMRI and EEG data. We conducted seed‐based default mode network functional connectivity and EEG power spectrum analyses. After ketamine administration, decreased functional connectivity was found in medial prefrontal cortex whereas increased connectivities were observed in intraparietal cortices. In EEG, a shift of energy to slow (delta, theta) and fast (gamma) wave frequencies was seen in the ketamine condition. Frontal connectivity is negatively related to EEG gamma and theta activity while a positive relationship is found for parietal connectivity and EEG delta power. Our results suggest a direct relationship between ketamine‐induced functional connectivity changes and the concomitant decrease of vigilance in EEG. The observed functional changes after ketamine administration may serve as surrogate end points and provide a neurophysiological framework, for example, for the antidepressant action of ketamine (trial name: 29JN1556, EudraCT Number: 2009‐012399‐28).

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Sleep disturbances and upregulation of brain arousal during daytime in depressed versus non-depressed elderly subjects

Abstract: The data confirm the hypothesis that in persons with depressive syndromes sleep disturbances are related to upregulation of brain arousal the next day. This finding is in line with the concept that dysregulation of brain arousal is a central pathophysiological aspect in depression.

Cited by 31 publications

References 38 publications

Human brain arousal in the resting state: a genome-wide association study

Human brain arousal in the resting state: a genome-wide association study

The Relationship between Insecure Attachment to Depression: Mediating Role of Sleep and Cognitive Reappraisal

Ketamine effects on default mode network activity and vigilance: A randomized, placebo‐controlled crossover simultaneous fMRI/EEG study

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