Sleep duration and mortality in patients with chronic noncommunicable disease: a population-based cohort study

Abstract

Background Inadequate sleep behaviors may confer a higher risk of premature death, however, evidence in patients with chronic noncommunicable disease (NCD) is scarce. To investigate the relationship between sleep duration and mortality from all-cause and heart diseases in NCD patients from a prospective cohort. Methods Totally, 14,171 participants with at least one NCD, including 8275 with hypertension, 7547 with high cholesterol, 4065 with diabetes, and 5815 with chronic renal failure were enrolled from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey during 2005–2014. Cox proportional hazard models were performed to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) for sleep duration and mortality after adjusting for potential confounding factors. Results After a median follow-up of 9 years, 2514 all-cause deaths were identified. Compared with sleeping 7–8 h/day, sleeping over 8 h/day was significantly associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality, where the multivariable-HRs were 1.29 (1.11, 1.50) for hypertension, 1.23 (1.01, 1.51) for high cholesterol, 1.44 (1.13, 1.82) for diabetes, and 1.36 (1.10, 1.68) for chronic renal failure. Similar patterns were observed for heart disease mortality. A nonlinear association was detected between sleep duration and mortality in patients with NCD. Age modified the association in patients with hypertension (P-interaction: 0.036). Trouble sleeping modified the association in patients with diabetes (P-interaction: 0.042). Conclusions Long sleep duration was associated with higher risks of all-cause and heart disease mortality in patients with chronic NCD. Our findings highlight that improving sleep behaviors may decrease the risk of premature deaths and help to NCD tertiary prevention. Supplementary information The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1265/ehpm.23-00249 .

Association between nocturnal sleep duration and midday napping and the incidence of sarcopenia in middle-aged and older adults: a 4-year longitudinal study

“…Subsequently, each participant's body mass index (BMI) was determined by dividing their body weight by their squared height (kg/m 2 ). According to the previous report, BMI was divided into <18.5 kg/m 2 (underweight), <24.0 kg/m 2 (normal weight), <28.0 kg/m 2 (overweight), and ²28.0 kg/m 2 (obesity) [19].…”

“…Respondents were asked to report how many hours they typically slept each night, and how long they had a nap during the past month. According to previous reports [19][20][21], nocturnal sleep duration was categorized into three groups: short sleepers (<6 h), normal sleepers (6-8 h), and long sleepers (>8 h); midday napping was coded as a dichotomous outcome (yes/no).…”