Sleep during “lockdown” highlighted the need to rethink the concept of weekend catch-up sleep

Putilov, Arcady A.

doi:10.1007/s11325-021-02492-z

Cited by 9 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…The recent "natural experiment" during "lockdown" demonstrated that, when home-workers/students were suddenly able to choose their own waking times, most slept later. Notably, this "experiment" also confirmed the model-based prediction of a failure to decrease the weekend sleep duration during lockdown, in response to the increase in weekday sleep duration leading to the decrease in weekday sleep loss [14].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

“…However, there is no way of minimizing the negative effects of insufficient weekday sleep by relying on a weekend "catch up". The simulations of weekday and weekend sleep timing suggested that, if people lose sleep by waking earlier during the week, they cannot make up for it on the weekends [11][12][13][14][15][16]. An earlier waking time on weekdays leads to an earlier start and termination of light exposure of the internal circadian clock.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Initial parameters were derived from data on the durations of recovery sleep after 6 gradually increasing intervals of extended wakefulness [23], and on the levels of SWA obtained during 10 naps [20] and two recovery sleep episodes [21,22]. The model was validated by comparing a model prediction [16] with data from the two latest "natural experiments" [14,15].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When workers/students work/study Monday to Friday, and then have two days without work/study, they might be tempted to "catch up" on sleep. However, the simulations of weekday and weekend sleep times with a sleep-wake regulation model [11] suggest that, despite complete freedom to sleep in and nap during the two weekend days, the reduction in sleep during the week cannot be reversed by the extension of weekend sleep beyond its normal, adequate duration [12][13][14][15][16]. The simulations also suggest a more profound weekday sleep loss in E-types than M-types because E-types have to advance their weekday times by more relative to weekend waking times [12,13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Irrecoverable Loss in Sleep on Weekdays of Two Distinct Chronotypes Can Be Equalized by Permitting a >2 h Difference in Waking Time

et al. 2022

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Background: Our work/study culture is biased towards the circadian clocks of “morning types”, whereas “evening types” are forced to advance their weekday waking times relative to weekend waking times. Since the experimental research consistently reveals a >2 h difference between these two chronotypes in the positions of their endogenous circadian phases, we hypothesized the necessity to permit a >2 h difference between them in weekday waking times to equalize their irrecoverable loss in sleep on weekdays. Methods: A total of 659 and 1106 participants of online surveys identified themselves as morning and evening types, respectively. The hypothesis was tested by applying a model of sleep–wake regulation for simulating sleep times reported by 245 lecturers of these two types, and by comparison of sleep times of these types among these lecturers and 1520 students. Results: The hypothesis was supported by results showing that, if, on weekdays, an “average” morning type wakes at 6 a.m., the equalization of the weekday sleep loss of the two chronotypes would require the waking time of an “average” evening type to be no earlier than 8 a.m. Conclusions: These results may be implemented in a model-based methodology for the correction of weekday waking times to equalize weekday sleep loss.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 73%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

The Irrecoverable Loss in Sleep on Weekdays of Two Distinct Chronotypes Can Be Equalized by Permitting a >2 h Difference in Waking Time

et al. 2022

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“…This is further strengthened by the results of a large US survey on sleep times and their relationship to waking activities. Here, it was shown that the second largest reciprocal relationship to sleep (after work time) was found for travel time including commuting times [ 24 ] (for conflicting results and an alternate interpretation see Putilov, 2021; [ 25 ]).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of pandemic lockdown on learning behaviour and sleep quality in German students

2022

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Background This study addresses the effects of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) restriction measures on sleep and bedtime habits of N = 637 German university students. Methods The questionnaire was distributed online during two different time periods in 2020 (February 27–March 21) and in 2021 (February 27–March 27). The first data collection phase was immediately before the first strict lockdown to contain the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, and the second data collection phase was during the second lockdown. The survey was composed of validated questionnaires and additional questions regarding the changes in sleep/bedtimes and the status of lectures during the lockdown phase. Results The average Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) score in the sample decreased during the lockdown phase, corresponding to the fact that students were less burdened with daytime sleepiness. Moreover, the sample had earlier rise and earlier bedtimes on free days during the lockdown period. Furthermore, the increase in flexible learning times brought about by the pandemic negatively impacted the students’ lifestyle and increased irregularities in sleeping habits. Conclusion Significant changes in sleeping patterns seem to be attributable to the pandemic lockdown as found in this self-reported student survey. While daytime sleepiness decreased and earlier overall bedtimes were noted, the impact on the irregularity of sleeping and learning patterns seems to be the most notable finding, as this affects overall quality of life and learning performance. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.

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Weekend sleep after early and later school start times confirmed a model-predicted failure to catch up sleep missed on weekdays

Putilov

2022

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Sleep during “lockdown” highlighted the need to rethink the concept of weekend catch-up sleep

Cited by 9 publications

References 42 publications

The Irrecoverable Loss in Sleep on Weekdays of Two Distinct Chronotypes Can Be Equalized by Permitting a >2 h Difference in Waking Time

The Irrecoverable Loss in Sleep on Weekdays of Two Distinct Chronotypes Can Be Equalized by Permitting a >2 h Difference in Waking Time

Impact of pandemic lockdown on learning behaviour and sleep quality in German students

Weekend sleep after early and later school start times confirmed a model-predicted failure to catch up sleep missed on weekdays

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