Sleep electroencephalographic abnormalities in adolescent depressives: Effects of scopolamine

Temporal coherence in ultradian sleep EEG rhythms in a never-depressed, high-risk cohort of female adolescents

“…Low temporal coherence also appears to be such a marker, although the two groups of adolescent girls in the present study did not differ on REM latency; however, the sleep macroarchitectural characteristics reported here, and including REM latency, are well in line with other studies (McCracken et al 1997;Emslie et al 2001;Goetz et al 1987;Khan and Todd 1990;Armitage et al 2000b). Either temporal coherence reflects a different biological risk factor or process than REM latency and perhaps identified a different group of individuals at risk, or the temporal coherence measures are more sensitive.…”

“…Of four studies done in children (Dahl et al 1991;Emslie et al 1990;Puig-Antich et al 1982;Young et al 1982), only one, Emslie et al, showed shortened REM latency in inpatients. Of 11 studies in adolescents (Appelboom-Fondu et al 1988;Dahl et al 1990Dahl et al , 1996Emslie et al 1994;Goetz et al 1987;Kahn and Todd 1990;Kutcher et al 1992;Lahmeyer et al 1983;McCracken et al 1997;Rao et al 1996, a reanalysis of Dahl et al 1990;Riemann et al 1995;Williamson et al 1995, a reanalysis of Goetz et al 1987, 5 showed reduced REM latency. Of these studies, the only one that examined premorbid REM latency in adolescent MDD was Rao et al They reported that in a 7-year follow-up assessment of their control group, the adolescents who developed MDD had shown a trend for reduced REM latency compared with those who did not develop MDD.…”

Electroencephalographic Sleep and Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Changes from Episode to Recovery in Depressed Adolescents

“…Although data from other adolescent studies are highly variable, some of these studies also reported sleep continuity disturbances (Goetz et al 1987;Goetz et al 1991;Kutcher et al 1992;Emslie et al 1994;Dahl et al 1996;McCracken et al 1997;Armitage et al 2000), short- (Lahmeyer et al 1983;Dahl et al 1990;Goetz et al 1991;Kutcher et al 1992;Emslie et al 1994;Dahl et al 1996), increased phasic REM sleep (Lahmeyer et al 1983;Dahl et al 1990;Goetz et al 1991;Emslie et al 1994;McCracken et al 1997), and elevated nocturnal cortisol secretion Kutcher et al 1991;Goodyer et al 1996). Despite these similarities, developmental differences also are evident.…”

Developmental Implications of Sleep

“…The results pointed out that, in comparison to controls, a shorter REM latency in children with major depression was typical which was suggestive of that those children with major depression have preexisting abnormalities in their sleep architecture. A study similar study among adolescents with MDD also reported abnormal sleep patterns and suggested the incomplete maturation of cholinergic systems underlying REM sleep might be associated with depression in youths (McCracken, Poland, Lutchmansingh, & Edwards, 1997). In comparison to adolescents, using self-report measures, children with depression were less likely to have hypersomnia and reported less deterioration arising from sleep complaints (Alfano, Zakem, Costa, Taylor, & Weems, 2009;Ryan et al, 1987).…”