Sleep function and synaptic homeostasis

Tononi, Giulio; Cirelli, Chiara

doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2005.05.002

Cited by 1,819 publications

(1,522 citation statements)

References 100 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

1,431

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…To validate our canine polysomnography method described above we investigated whether increased load of novel experiences and mild sleep deprivation during the day have effects on subsequent sleep as predicted by the synaptic homeostasis hypothesis (Tononi and Cirelli 2006) and other theories supporting the information processing role of sleep (Horne and Minard 1985;Diekelmann and Born 2010) put forward in the human literature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a non-invasive polysomnography technique for dogs (Canis familiaris)

Kis¹,

Szakadát²,

Kovács³

et al. 2014

Physiology & Behavior

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recently dogs (Canis familiaris) have been demonstrated to be a promising model species for studying human behavior as they have adapted to the human niche and developed human-like socio-cognitive skills. Research on dog behavior, however, has so far almost exclusively focused on awake functioning.Here we present a self-developed non-invasive easily replicable canine polysomnography method. N=22 adult pet dogs (with their owners present) and N=12 adult humans participated in Study I. From these subjects N=7 dogs returned on two more occasions for Study II.In Study I. we give a descriptive analysis of the sleep electroencephalogram of the dog and compare it to human data. In order to validate our canine polysomnography method in Study II. we compare the sleep macrostructure and the EEG spectrum of dogs after a behaviorally active versus passive day.In Study I. we found that dogsʼ sleep EEG resembled that of human subjects and was generally in accordance with previous literature using invasive technology. In Study II. we show that similarly to previous results on humans daytime load of novel experiences affects the macrostructural and spectral aspects of subsequent sleep.Our results validate the family dog as a model species for studying the effects of pre-sleep activities on the EEG pattern under natural conditions and thus broaden the perspectives of the rapidly growing fields of canine cognition and sleep research.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a non-invasive polysomnography technique for dogs (Canis familiaris)

Kis¹,

Szakadát²,

Kovács³

et al. 2014

Physiology & Behavior

161

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Characterised by the presence of high amplitude low frequency oscillations and occurring predominantly in the first half of the night. Synaptic homeostasis: the proposal [30] that the net gain of synaptic potentiation during waking experience is reversed during SWS with a proportional downscaling mechanism in proportion to the amount of slow wave activity present. Corresponding author: Lewis, P.A.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This suggests that these structures might interact during schema formation, and therefore this finding supports a role for the vmPFC in schema formation and/or in the representation of partially consolidated schemata. explain how, in combination with the synaptic downscaling that occurs during SWS [29,30], such overlap could lead to the gradual formation of conceptual schemata. Overlap in memory reactivation can occur either simultaneously or sequentially ( Figure 1).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Overlapping memory replay during sleep builds cognitive schemata

Lewis

Durrant

2011

Trends in Cognitive Sciences

458

437

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Sleep enhances integration across multiple stimuli, abstraction of general rules, insight into hidden solutions and false memory formation. Newly learned information is better assimilated if compatible with an existing cognitive framework or schema. This article proposes a mechanism by which the reactivation of newly learned memories during sleep could actively underpin both schema formation and the addition of new knowledge to existing schemata. Under this model, the overlapping replay of related memories selectively strengthens shared elements. Repeated reactivation of memories in different combinations progressively builds schematic representations of the relationships between stimuli. We argue that this selective strengthening forms the basis of cognitive abstraction, and explain how it facilitates insight and false memory formation.What's the gist? I do not remember many details about childhood birthday parties. There was one when we played blind man's bluff, and another with cucumber sandwiches, but in general these affairs blur together under the broad heading of birthdays. About this category I have much information: I know the parties involved hordes of children, that there were presents and invariably a cake. However, which birthday belonged to whom, and exactly what was done there escapes me. This is unsurprising as chronologically old memories rarely include clear episodic details but these aspects of a situation or memory type that are repeated again and again are normally recalled with ease. Central shared concepts of this type can be thought of as the 'gist' (see Glossary), or essential features, of a set of memories, and taken together can form a cognitive framework of expectations or schema (Box 1). This article proposes a physiological mechanism by which memory replay during sleep could be responsible for the abstraction of gist information from newly encoded memories to form cognitive schemata.Recent research has shown that sleep facilitates abstraction of gist information [1][2][3][4][5] as well as integration across multiple memories [6][7][8], insight into hidden solutions [9], and even the ability to make creative connections between distantly related ideas and concepts [10]. These findings build upon a strong body of work demonstrating that sleep plays a crucial role in memory consolidation (for reviews [11][12][13]), as well as a highly influential model of how memories are re-organised and strengthened by replay during slow wave sleep (SWS) (see [11,12,[14][15][16][17] and Box 2). This model elegantly explains how the specific physiology of SWS, in combination with the replay of memories that has been observed in both rats and humans during this sleep stage (Box 3), could assist consolidation by transferring memories from a short-term store in the hippocampus to longer term cortical representations. Importantly, however, this model cannot presently explain why sleep is beneficial for gist extraction, insight or the formation of false memories.A separate line of research investigating th...

show abstract

“…Accepted understanding from TMS experiments on humans is that repetition frequencies above about 5 Hz favour potentiation [33,8] (e.g. increased size of motor evoked potentials) whereas frequencies at 1 Hz or lower can lead to depression [49,5,8]; the latter may be linked to synaptic downscaling in slow wave sleep [28,48].…”

Section: Repetitive Tms and Theta Burst Stimulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling of plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We use neural field theory and spike-timing dependent plasticity to make a simple but biophysically reasonable model of long-term plasticity changes in the cortex due to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). We show how common TMS protocols can be captured and studied within existing neural field theory. Specifically, we look at repetitive TMS protocols such as theta burst stimulation and paired-pulse protocols. Continuous repetitive protocols result mostly in depression, but intermittent repetitive protocols in potentiation. A paired pulse protocol results in depression at short (<∼ 10 ms) and long (>∼ 100 ms) interstimulus intervals, but potentiation for mid-range intervals. The model is sensitive to the choice of neural populations that are driven by the TMS pulses, and to the parameters that describe plasticity, which may aid interpretation of the high variability in existing experimental results. Driving excitatory populations results in greater plasticity changes than driving inhibitory populations. Modelling also shows the merit in optimizing a TMS protocol based on an individual's electroencephalogram. Moreover, the model can be used to make predictions about protocols that may lead to improvements in repetitive TMS outcomes.

show abstract

Sleep function and synaptic homeostasis

Cited by 1,819 publications

References 100 publications

Development of a non-invasive polysomnography technique for dogs (Canis familiaris)

Development of a non-invasive polysomnography technique for dogs (Canis familiaris)

Overlapping memory replay during sleep builds cognitive schemata

Numerical modelling of plasticity induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About