Sleep Hygiene Pattern and Behaviors and Related Factors among General Population in West Of Iran

Abstract

Introduction:Sleep hygiene was found as an important predictor for sleep quality. People’s sleep hygiene can have a major role in their daily function. The purpose of the study was to determine sleep hygiene patterns and sleep hygiene behaviors and factors affecting them in the general population of Kermanshah, Iran.Material and methods:In this cross-sectional study, 1829 men and 1262 women were selected randomly from 50 clusters of different parts of the city. The inclusion criteria were age between 12 and 65 years and living in Kermanshah. The exclusion criteria were psychiatric disorder and known general medical conditions that affecting sleep. The data collection instruments were demographic questionnaire and Sleep Hygiene Questionnaire, consisted of 13 items about biological rhythm and bed room environment and behaviors that affecting sleep. Data were analyzed by using SPSS version 16 software.Results:The highest percentage was obtained for irregular woke and went up from day to day or at weekend and holidays (74.8%). Only 213 (6.9%) participants were classified as having good sleep hygiene (score 12-14). The mean age of very poor, poor, moderate, and good sleepers was 34.8 ± 14.4, 33.7 ± 17.4, 36.5 ± 13.8, and 35 ± 13.7years, respectively. There were significant differences between the age of poor and moderate sleepers and also sleep hygiene patterns with respect to sex, education level and job.Conclusion:Poor sleep hygiene were more frequent in Iranian peoples and the major problem in sleep hygiene in our study was inappropriate sleep schedule.

Epidemiology of Sleep Hygiene and Related Factors in Older Adults

“…Also, sleep hygiene had no significant relationship with marital status, education, and occupation of older adults. Meanwhile, in a study by Khazaie et al who studied sleep hygiene patterns in Iranian adult population, sleep hygiene had a significant relationship with sex, age, occupation, and marital status of patients (20). This inconsistency can be due to the difference in the mean age of the two populations, that is, the population in their study was younger than ours (35 vs. 68.33) (20).…”

“…Meanwhile, in a study by Khazaie et al who studied sleep hygiene patterns in Iranian adult population, sleep hygiene had a significant relationship with sex, age, occupation, and marital status of patients (20). This inconsistency can be due to the difference in the mean age of the two populations, that is, the population in their study was younger than ours (35 vs. 68.33) (20). Cho et al (21) reported a significant correlation between SHI and age.…”

Psychometric properties of the persian version of sleep hygiene index in the general population

“…The first two instruments have been found to have relatively low internal consistency compared to the SHI (Cronbach's alphas = 0.47 for the SHAPS, 0.54 for the SHST and 0.66 for the SHI). Moreover, SHAPS and SHST appear to have been developed with absence of clear rationale for item selection (11,16), while the SHI was developed from the diagnostic criteria for inadequate sleep hygiene as described in the ICSD (12,15). The SHI has shown moderate internal consistency and good twoweek test-retest stability (r = 0.71, P < .001), and was associated with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in a nonclinical sample (11).…”

Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of Sleep Hygiene Index in the General Population

“…In recent decades, there has been increased attention to sleep quality and sleep hygiene. Sleep hygiene may be described as behavioral and environmental practices that promote sleep and avoiding behaviors that interfere with sleep (7, 11, 12). In the 2014-revised edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), inadequate sleep hygiene was classified as a subtype of chronic insomnia.…”

“…The first two instruments have been found to have relatively low internal consistency compared to the SHI (Cronbach’s alphas = 0.47 for the SHAPS, 0.54 for the SHST and 0.66 for the SHI). Moreover, SHAPS and SHST appear to have been developed with absence of clear rationale for item selection (11, 16), while the SHI was developed from the diagnostic criteria for inadequate sleep hygiene as described in the ICSD (12, 15). The SHI has shown moderate internal consistency and good two-week test-retest stability (r = 0.71, P < .001), and was associated with sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in a nonclinical sample (11).…”