Sleep influences neural representations of true and false memories: An event-related potential study

Jano, Sophie; Romeo, Julia; Hendrickx, Matthew D.; Schlesewsky, Matthias; Chatburn, Alex

doi:10.1016/j.nlm.2021.107553

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…d’ was calculated using the package Psycho ( Makowski, 2018 ) implemented in R version 3.6.1 ( R Core Team, 2021 ). As per the methods used in Jano et al (2021) , d’ was calculated (Z-scored hits subtract Z-scored false alarms) for both list words and associative lures, in order to reflect our viewpoint that “false memory” measured in the DRM reflects associative processes, as opposed to memory errors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Participants responded to the presented words based on whether they thought the words were presented during the learning phase (old) or not (new). This was performed with a keyboard press, and these responses allowed for four outcomes to be calculated for veridical and association memories: (1) hit; (2) false alarm; (3) miss, and; (4) correct rejection [see Jano et al (2021) for more details].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Theta Activity During Encoding Interacts With NREM Sleep Oscillations to Predict Memory Generalization

Gibson

Cross

Chatburn

2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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Relatively little is known regarding the interaction between encoding-related neural activity and sleep-based memory consolidation. One suggestion is that a function of encoding-related theta power may be to “tag” memories for subsequent processing during sleep. This study aimed to extend previous work on the relationships between sleep spindles, slow oscillation-spindle coupling, and task-related theta activity with a combined Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) and nap paradigm. This allowed us to examine the influence of task- and sleep-related oscillatory activity on the recognition of both encoded list words and associative theme words. Thirty-three participants (29 females, mean age = 23.2 years) learned and recognised DRM lists separated by either a 2 h wake or sleep period. Mixed-effects modelling revealed the sleep condition endorsed more associative theme words and fewer list words in comparison to the wake group. Encoding-related theta power was also found to influence sleep spindle density, and this interaction was predictive of memory outcomes. The influence of encoding-related theta was specific to sleep spindle density, and did not appear to influence the strength of slow oscillation-spindle coupling as it relates to memory outcomes. The finding of interactions between wakeful and sleep oscillatory-related activity in promoting memory and learning has important implications for theoretical models of sleep-based memory consolidation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theta Activity During Encoding Interacts With NREM Sleep Oscillations to Predict Memory Generalization

Gibson

Cross

Chatburn

2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

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“…At present, their definition of 'contextual information' was very extensive, encompassing any 'aspect of the study episode…that links the test item to the specific study event ' ( p. 1). This means that it is possible to conceive 'contextual information' as the sensory details of the studied words and/or as the gist trace of a list (see [57]). This underspecification makes it difficult to derive from the theory a clear behavioural prediction in the DRM paradigm, highlighting a need for further tightening.…”

Section: Sleep and Drm False Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

A registered report testing the effect of sleep on Deese-Roediger-McDermott false memory: greater lure and veridical recall but fewer intrusions after sleep

Mak,

O'Hagan,

Horner

et al. 2023

R. Soc. open sci.

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Human memory is known to be supported by sleep. However, less is known about the effect of sleep on false memory, where people incorrectly remember events that never occurred. In the laboratory, false memories are often induced via the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm where participants are presented with wordlists comprising semantically related words such as nurse , hospital and sick (studied words). Subsequently, participants are likely to falsely remember that a related lure word such as doctor was presented. Multiple studies have examined whether these false memories are influenced by sleep, with contradictory results. A recent meta-analysis suggests that sleep may increase DRM false memory when short lists are used. We tested this in a registered report ( N = 488) with a 2 (Interval: Immediate versus 12 h delay) × 2 (Test Time: 9:00 versus 21:00) between-participant DRM experiment, using short DRM lists ( N = 8 words/list) and free recall as the memory test. We found an unexpected time-of-day effect such that completing free recall in the evening led to more intrusions (neither studied nor lure words). Above and beyond this time-of-day effect, the Sleep participants produced fewer intrusions than their Wake counterparts. When this was statistically controlled for, the Sleep participants falsely produced more critical lures. They also correctly recalled more studied words (regardless of intrusions). Exploratory analysis showed that these findings cannot be attributed to differences in output bias, as indexed by the number of total responses. Our overall results cannot be fully captured by existing sleep-specific theories of false memory, but help to define the role of sleep in two more general theories (Fuzzy-Trace and Activation/Monitoring theories) and suggest that sleep may benefit gist abstraction/spreading activation on one hand and memory suppression/source monitoring on the other.

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“…At present, their definition of "contextual information" was very extensive, encompassing any "aspect of the study episode…that links the test item to the specific study event " (p. 1). This means that it is possible to conceive "contextual information" as the sensory details of the studied words and/or as the gist trace of a list (see Jano et al, 2021). This underspecification makes it difficult to derive from the theory a clear behavioural prediction in the DRM paradigm, highlighting a need for further tightening.…”

Section: Sleep and Drm False Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

A registered report testing the effect of sleep on DRM false memory: Greater lure and veridical recall but fewer intrusions after sleep

Mak¹,

O’Hagan²,

Horner³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Human memory is known to be supported by sleep. However, less is known about the effect of sleep on false memory, where people remember events that never occurred. In the laboratory, false memories are often induced via the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm where participants are presented with semantically related words such as nurse, hospital, and sick (studied words). Subsequently, participants are likely to falsely remember that a related lure word such as doctor was presented. Multiple studies have examined whether these false memories are influenced by sleep, with contradictory results. A recent meta-analysis suggests that sleep may increase DRM false memory when short lists are used. We tested this in a registered report (N=488) with a 2 (Interval: Immediate vs. 12-hr Delay) x 2 (Test Time: 9AM vs. 9PM) between-participant DRM experiment, using short DRM lists (N = 8 words/list) and free recall as the memory test. We found that the Sleep and Wake participants were well-matched on their number of total responses, but those in the Sleep group produced fewer intrusions (i.e., words that were neither studied nor lure words), and when this was statistically controlled for, they showed a greater tendency to recall more critical lures as well as more studied words. Our findings support the view that sleep may facilitate gist abstraction and/or spreading activation, alongside strengthening/protecting newly encoded declarative memories.

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Sleep influences neural representations of true and false memories: An event-related potential study

Cited by 7 publications

References 78 publications

Theta Activity During Encoding Interacts With NREM Sleep Oscillations to Predict Memory Generalization

Theta Activity During Encoding Interacts With NREM Sleep Oscillations to Predict Memory Generalization

A registered report testing the effect of sleep on Deese-Roediger-McDermott false memory: greater lure and veridical recall but fewer intrusions after sleep

A registered report testing the effect of sleep on DRM false memory: Greater lure and veridical recall but fewer intrusions after sleep

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