Sleep Leadership in High-Risk Occupations: An Investigation of Soldiers on Peacekeeping and Combat Missions

Gunia, Brian C.; Sipos, Maurice L.; LoPresti, Matthew L.; Adler, Amy B.

doi:10.1037/mil0000078

Cited by 70 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Future studies should also investigate the effects of sleep loss on leadership related to different types of work tasks, including more monotone contexts. This study also lends support to a recent study showing the relevance of sleep management (Gunia et al ., ). Given the high prevalence of sleep loss among leaders in military operations (Miller et al ., ), this study particularly underscores the importance of proper sleep hygiene in order to maintain effective operational leadership.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of sleep deprivation on leadership behaviour in military officers: an experimental study

Olsen¹,

Pallesen

Torsheim

et al. 2016

Journal of Sleep Research

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While several studies show that leaders frequently lack sleep, little is known about how this influences leadership behaviour. The present study encompasses an experiment that investigated how three main types of leadership behaviour: transformational (four sub-facets); transactional (two sub-facets); and passive-avoidant (two sub-facets) leadership differed across a rested and a long-term, partially sleep-deprived condition. A total of 16 military naval officers participated. In both conditions, the leaders managed a team of three subordinates in a navy navigation simulator, instructed to complete a specific mission (A or B). Both sleep state (rested or sleep deprived) and mission were counterbalanced. Leadership behaviour was video recorded and subsequently rated on the three leadership behaviours. Overall, the scores on transformational leadership (and on two of four sub-facets) and transactional leadership (on both sub-facets) decreased from the rested to sleep-deprived condition, whereas scores on passive-avoidant leadership overall (and on both sub-facets) increased from the rested to sleep-deprived condition. This study underscores the importance of including sleep as a potentially important determinant when assessing leadership effectiveness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of sleep deprivation on leadership behaviour in military officers: an experimental study

Olsen¹,

Pallesen

Torsheim

et al. 2016

Journal of Sleep Research

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show abstract

“…Stressors that challenge good sleep may be perceived to be the responsibility of and/or mitigated by soldiers' superiors, and lack of support by fellow unit members may potentiate the sleep-disturbing effects of stressors. Sleep leadership is associated with sleep quality, unit climate, morale, cohesion and depressive symptoms (Gunia et al, 2015). Thus, open lines of communication with leaders may have benefits that extend beyond sleep characteristics and into psychosocial and emotional positives.…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence, predictors and correlates of insomnia in US army soldiers

Klingaman

Brownlow

Boland

et al. 2017

Journal of Sleep Research

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The objective of this study was to investigate the rates, predictors and correlates of insomnia in a national sample of US Army soldiers. Data were gathered from the cross-sectional survey responses of the All-Army Study, of the Army Study to Assess Risk and Resilience in Service members. Participants were a representative sample of 21 499 US Army soldiers who responded to the All-Army Study self-administered questionnaire between 2011 and 2013. Insomnia was defined by selected DSM-5 criteria using the Brief Insomnia Questionnaire. The results highlight significant functional difficulties associated with insomnia among US soldiers, as well as insights into predictors of insomnia specific to this population. Insomnia was present in 22.76% of the sample. Predictors of insomnia status in logistic regression included greater number of current mental health disorders, less perceived open lines of communication with leadership, less unit member support and less education. Insomnia had global, negative associations with health, social functioning, support, morale, work performance and Army career intentions. The results provide the strongest evidence to-date that insomnia is common in a military population, and is associated with a wide array of negative factors in the domains of health, military readiness and intentions to remain in military careers.

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“…(), as being made up of sleep quantity and sleep quality. Research exists on the correlates of both sleep quantity and sleep quality with a multitude of work and non‐work outcomes including stress, performance, physical health, and well‐being (e.g., Crain, Brossoit, & Fisher, ; Cropley, Dijk, & Stanley, ; Gunia, Sipos, LoPresti, & Adler, ; Lentino, Purvis, Murphy, & Deuster, ; Litwiller et al , ; Minkel et al ., ). Results from a recent survey including 14,148 Active Duty, National Guard, and Reserve Component members found that 25.3% or 3,580 service members were considered to be poor sleepers (as indicated by scoring a total of 5 or 6 on the Pittsburgh Insomnia Rating Scale‐2; Lentino et al ., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Training supervisors to support veterans at work: Effects on supervisor attitudes and employee sleep and stress

Hammer

Brady

Perry

2019

J Occupat & Organ Psyc

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The present study evaluates the effectiveness of a supervisor support training programme on both supervisor attitudes and employee sleep and stress outcomes by drawing on a multi-level rigorous randomized controlled trial in 35 organizations. Utilizing theory from the social support and training literatures, the purpose of the current study was to understand ways to improve the transition, and ultimately the health and well-being, of military veteran employees in the workplace via a supervisor support training intervention. Drawing on a sample of 982 supervisors and a subsample of 189 matched supervisor-employee dyads, the current study demonstrated that supervisor support training led to improved supervisor attitudes towards veteran employees. Additionally, supervisors' attitudes towards veteran employees at baseline significantly moderated the effects of the training on employee sleep and stress outcomes, suggesting that the training was more effective when supervisors started out with more positive attitudes towards veterans. These results demonstrate the importance of training supervisors to support employed veterans and employees more generally, and have implications for research, practice, and theory development. Practitioner pointsThe Veteran Supportive Supervisor Training (VSST) promotes more positive supervisor attitudes towards veteran employees. When supervisor attitudes towards veteran employees are more positive, the supportive supervisor training improves sleep and stress outcomes for veteran employees. The VSST effects suggest that the training has promise to be extended to other leadership support domains, such as supervisor support for health; to other types of vulnerable and underserved workers, such as those with disabilities; and to other employee well-being outcomes, such as engagement and satisfaction at work and at home.With tens of thousands of U.S. veterans returning from Iraq and Afghanistan, and millions of international veterans residing worldwide, surprisingly little attention has been concentrated on their post-deployment transition into the civilian workforce.

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Sleep Leadership in High-Risk Occupations: An Investigation of Soldiers on Peacekeeping and Combat Missions

Cited by 70 publications

References 55 publications

The effect of sleep deprivation on leadership behaviour in military officers: an experimental study

The effect of sleep deprivation on leadership behaviour in military officers: an experimental study

Prevalence, predictors and correlates of insomnia in US army soldiers

Training supervisors to support veterans at work: Effects on supervisor attitudes and employee sleep and stress

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