Sleep Moderates Improvements in Mental Health Outcomes in Youth: Building Resilience for Healthy Kids

Abstract

Purpose: To examine the role of sleep in a school-based resiliency intervention. 
Design: Single group feasibility study.
Setting: Urban middle school
Subjects: Sixth grade students
Intervention: A total of 285, 11-12-year-old students (70% White, 18% Hispanic, 55% female) participated in the six-week 1:1 Healthy Kids intervention. Youth (n=248) completed electronic surveys at pre-post the 6-week study assessing mental health parameters and self-reported bed and wake time. 
Measures: Students were categorized as having insufficient sleep opportunity if they reported time in bed of <9 hours per night. 
Analysis: General linear models examined differences between groups for each mental health parameters pre-post study. 
Results: A third of participants (28%) were classified as having insufficient sleep opportunity. Youth with insufficient sleep were more often Hispanic (27% vs 16%; p<0.001) and were more often classified with both mild to severe depression and anxiety symptoms (55% vs 35%; p=0.004). The health coaching intervention was found to have a significant improvement on overall resilience and self-efficacy only among students who reported sufficient sleep, while no significant intervention effect was found for those students who reported insufficient sleep. 
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that youth with poor sleep health may not benefit from school-based resiliency interventions.

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