Sleep of chronic post-traumatic patients

Glaubman, Hananyah; Mikulincer, Mario; Porat, Anat; Wasserman, Orna; Birger, Moshe

doi:10.1007/bf00975149

Cited by 17 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In PTSD patients the most consistent polysomnography findings are difficulty in sleep initiation and maintenance, including poor sleep efficiency, [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] decreased total sleep time (TST), 3,4 increased sleep latency, 4,5 and increased number of awakenings. [3][4][5] These findings, however, were not found in some other studies.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have reported decreased SWS. 5,6,9,16 *Correspondence: Sinan Yetkin, MD, Department of Psychiatry, Diyarbakır Military Hospital, 21300 Diyarbakır, Turkey. Email: snnyetkin@gmail.com Again, numerous other studies did not find any differences in SWS.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Some studies have reported shorter REM time during sleep, [3][4][5] but others have found either normal or prolonged REM durations. [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] REM latency has also varied between different studies. Some of them have found shortened REM latency, 8,17 and some of them have found prolonged [3][4][5][6] or normal REM latency in PTSD.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Polysomnography in patients with post‐traumatic stress disorder

Yetkin

Aydin

Özgen

2010

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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Aims:The purpose of the present study was to investigate sleep structure in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients with and without any psychiatric comorbidities. The relationship between sleep variables and measurements of clinical symptom severity were also investigated.Methods: Sleep patterns of 24 non-medicated male PTSD patients and 16 age-and sex-matched normal controls were investigated on polysomnography on two consecutive nights. Six PTSD-only patients and 15 PTSD patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) were also compared to normal controls. Sleep variables were correlated with PTSD symptoms.Results: Compared to the normal controls, the PTSD patients with MDD had difficulty initiating sleep, poor sleep efficiency, decreased total sleep time, decreased slow wave sleep (SWS), and a reduced rapid eye movement (REM) sleep latency. The PTSD patients without any comorbid psychiatric disorders had moderately significant disturbances of sleep continuity, and decreased SWS, but no abnormalities of REM sleep. REM sleep latency was inversely proportional to the severity of startle response. SWS was found to be inversely correlated with the severity of psychogenic amnesia.Conclusions: PTSD patients have disturbance of sleep continuity, and SWS deficit, without the impact of comorbid depression on sleep. The relationship between SWS and the inability to recall an important aspect of trauma may indicate the role of sleep in the consolidation of traumatic memories. The relationship between the severity of the startle response and REM latency may suggest that REM sleep physiology shares common substrates with the symptoms of PTSD.

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Polysomnography in patients with post‐traumatic stress disorder

Yetkin

Aydin

Özgen

2010

Psychiatry Clin Neurosci

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“…All of them included patients with depressive disorders, which are associated with an increase of REM density in REM sleep [54]. Evidence of REM fragmentation has been reported several times [22, 27, 37]. However, 7 studies did not find elevated REM interruptions [24, 25, 30, 31, 33, 38, 43].…”

Section: Ptsd and Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In explaining the high occurrence of posttraumatic anxiety dreams and reports of the occurrence of those dreams in NREM sleep (see below) it is important to rely on empirical evidence regarding the characteristics of REM sleep in PTSD patients. Table 1 summarizes REM sleep parameters of 26 polysomnographic studies [22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51] on PTSD samples.…”

Section: Ptsd and Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dreaming in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Critical Review of Phenomenology, Psychophysiology and Treatment

Wittmann

Schredl

Kramer

2006

Psychother Psychosom

138

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This review summarizes the available knowledge on the phenomenology of posttraumatic dreams. Posttraumatic nightmares are reported by up to 70% of individuals suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). An extensive review of polysomnographic studies suggests that neither this high incidence nor the occurrence of posttraumatic nightmares throughout the sleep cycle can be explained by altered REM sleep parameters. The assumption that a reduction of dream recall may serve as a coping mechanism in PTSD patients is questionable. About 50% of posttraumatic dreams comprise exact replications of the traumatic events. Therefore dreams in PTSD do not have stereotypical content. Data characterizing non-replicative posttraumatic dreams and indicating a change in dream content over time must be considered preliminary. Occurrence of posttraumatic dreams is associated with psychopathological developments. Imagery Rehearsal Therapy has repeatedly been proven to be a valuable tool in treating patients suffering from posttraumatic dream disturbance. A deeper knowledge of posttraumatic dreams is essential for any theory of PTSD as well as for a better understanding of the overall function of dreaming.

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Sleep in post-traumatic stress disorder and panic: Convergence and divergence

Sheikh

Woodward²,

Leskin³

2003

Depress. Anxiety

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Disturbed sleep is a common clinical problem in anxiety disorders, particularly in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and panic disorder (PD). Several studies have attempted to validate the subjective sleep complaints of these disorders using laboratory polysomnography. These attempts, typically focusing on PTSD or PD independently, have demonstrated inconsistent results. To our knowledge, no such studies have attempted to directly compare and contrast sleep disturbances in PTSD and PD together. Our review of the studies of subjective sleep disturbances, sleep architecture, and sleep-related biologic phenomena suggests that a comparative characterization of sleep disturbances in these two disorders is timely. Such an inference is based on our identification of several areas of convergence and divergence between PTSD and PD found in the published literature, as well as our own preliminary investigations. Specifically, PTSD and PD seem to converge on several sleep-related parameters, namely, sleep quality, presence of episodic parasomnias, and movement time. They also appear to diverge in other important sleep-related areas such as respiratory disturbances and the particular phenomenological nature of episodic parasomnias, namely nightmares or nocturnal panic attacks. Investigations focusing on such overlapping phenomena may provide groundwork for further elucidation of central fear systems underlying these two disorders. Additionally, such sleep studies have the potential to provide important insights into ongoing efforts to develop a cohesive conceptual framework into the patho-physiologies of these disorders.

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Sleep of chronic post-traumatic patients

Cited by 17 publications

References 6 publications

Polysomnography in patients with post‐traumatic stress disorder

Polysomnography in patients with post‐traumatic stress disorder

Dreaming in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Critical Review of Phenomenology, Psychophysiology and Treatment

Sleep in post-traumatic stress disorder and panic: Convergence and divergence

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