Sleep onset is a creative sweet spot

Lacaux, Célia; Andrillon, Thomas; Bastoul, Céleste; Idir, Yannis; Fonteix-Galet, Alexandrine; Arnulf, Isabelle; Oudiette, Delphine

doi:10.1126/sciadv.abj5866

Cited by 49 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Whichever hypothesis turns out to be correct, the present findings indicate that some kind of memory processing occurs at sleep onset and highlight two different patterns between two seemingly proximal sleep stages, N1 and N2. Interestingly, these findings parallel those we recently observed about creativity (Lacaux et al, 2021). Indeed, we discovered that N1 sleep was associated with a boost in insight (i.e., the sudden discovery of a hidden regularity in the task), but this benefit vanished if subjects reached N2 sleep.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…This idea is substantiated by Stenstrom et al (2012) who found that hypnagogic experiences connect fragments from distal memory sources that share semantic similarity, suggesting that a hippocampal-dependent integrative process (Shohamy & Wagner, 2008) occurs during this stage (i.e., the blending of overlapping past events into an integrated memory representation). Recently, we confirmed the role of N1 in such a gist abstraction process (Lacaux et al, 2021). We found that spending on average one minute in N1 tripled the chance of discovering a hidden regularity within memory traces (83%), compared to wakefulness (30%) or N2 sleep (14%).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

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Memory loss at sleep onset

Lacaux¹,

Andrillon²,

Arnulf³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Every night, we pass through a transitory zone at the borderland between wakefulness and sleep, named the first stage of non-rapid eye movement sleep (N1). N1 sleep is associated with an increased hippocampal activity and dreamlike experiences that incorporate recent wake materials, suggesting that it may be associated with memory processing. Here, we investigated the specific contribution of N1 sleep in the processing of memory traces. Participants were asked to learn the precise locations of 48 objects on a grid and were then tested on their memory for these items before and after a 30-minute rest during which participants either stayed fully awake, transitioned toward N1 or deeper (N2) sleep. We showed that memory recall was lower (10% forgetting) after a resting period including only N1 sleep compared to N2 sleep. Furthermore, the ratio of alpha/theta power (an EEG marker of the transition towards sleep) correlated negatively with the forgetting rate when taking into account all sleepers (N1 and N2 groups combined), suggesting a physiological index for memory loss that transcends sleep stages. Our findings suggest that interrupting sleep onset at N1 may alter sleep-dependent memory consolidation and promote forgetting.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Memory loss at sleep onset

Lacaux¹,

Andrillon²,

Arnulf³

et al. 2022

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Working memory is an important component of executive function, and research indicates that sleep quality and working memory are interconnected ( 74 ). Research on rapid eye movement (REM) sleep and non-rapid eye movement (non-REM) sleep indicates that the REM sleep stage is principally responsible for memory reorganization by enhancing inter-memory connections and generating new connections, while the non-REM sleep stage contributes to rule extraction, formation of relational memory and memory integration, thereby complementing memory reorganization ( 75 ). During the pandemic, college students' sleep patterns were disrupted, and both REM and non-REM sleep were adversely affected to varying degrees; thus, executive function and creative problem-solving were impaired.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep quality and creativity in Chinese college student during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of executive function

Guo

Song

Zhao

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundCOVID-19 has impacted adolescents' interpersonal relationships, life attitudes, and mental health during the past 3 years. However, previous studies predominantly focused on negative problems, while few studies assessed the situation of teenagers from the perspective of positive psychology. Therefore, this study explores the creativity level of Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic, the relationship between sleep quality and creativity, and the mediating role of executive function.MethodA cross-sectional study was conducted across six colleges in Heilongjiang in China, with a sample of 4,258 college students recruited via stratified cluster sampling. Data were collected through an online survey. A mediation model was constructed, and SPSS PROCESS macro was used to analyze the data.ResultsThe creativity score of Chinese college students during the COVID-19 pandemic was 106.48 ± 13.61. Correlation analysis demonstrated that sleep quality correlated negatively with creativity (r = −0.08, P < 0.01) but positively with executive function (r=0.45, P < 0.01), whilst executive function correlated negatively with creativity (r = −0.10, P < 0.01). Moreover, the mediation model revealed that executive function partially mediated the relationship between sleep quality and creativity in college students (indirect effect = −0.017, SE = 0.004, 95% CI = [−0.025, −0.008]). Executive function accounted for 48.6% of the variance in college students' creativity.ConclusionSchool administrators should implement measures such as sleep education to enhance students' sleep quality. Concurrently, curriculum and assessment implementation should enhance executive function. Such measures can contribute to improved student creativity, thus helping students overcome the negative emotional impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.

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“…58,59 In a human study, spontaneous waves of constriction and dilation of the pupils were attributed to decreased levels of wakefulness. 30 Considering a recent finding that a hypnagogic period, which is a twilight zone between wakefulness and sleep, ignited creative sparks in human subjects, 60,61 coeruleus and related circuits in the brain. 66 In conclusion, our simple and inexpensive approach of measuring pupil dynamics using a conventional USB camera would expand the repertoire for sleep stage scoring of head-fixed mice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…58,59 In a human study, spontaneous waves of constriction and dilation of the pupils were attributed to decreased levels of wakefulness. 30 Considering a recent finding that a hypnagogic period, which is a twilight zone between wakefulness and sleep, ignited creative sparks in human subjects, 60,61 it is intriguing to speculate that mice pupillary oscillations preceding NREM sleep might be a useful measure to investigate sleepiness and creativity in mice. During NREM sleep, pupil diameter (PD) fluctuates with increasing amplitude along with NREM duration, 33 indicating that mouse NREM sleep was not a monotonic state but was instead composed of different sleep depths, similar to that of humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pupil dynamics-derived sleep stage classification of a head-fixed mouse using a recurrent neural network

Kobayashi

Tanaka

Takata

2022

Preprint

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The standard method for sleep state classification is thresholding amplitudes of electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG), followed by an expert's manual correction. Although popular, the method entails some shortcomings: 1) the time-consuming manual correction by human experts is sometimes a bottleneck hindering sleep studies; 2) EEG electrodes on the skull interfere with wide-field imaging of the cortical activity of a head-fixed mouse under a microscope; 3) invasive surgery to fix the electrodes on the thin skull of a mouse risks brain tissue injury; and 4) metal electrodes for EEG and EMG are difficult to apply to some experiment apparatus such as that for functional magnetic resonance imaging. To overcome these shortcomings, we propose a pupil dynamics-based vigilance state classification for a head-fixed mouse using a long short-term memory (LSTM) model, a variant of recurrent neural networks, for multi-class labeling of NREM, REM, and WAKE states. For supervisory hypnography, EEG and EMG recording were performed for a head-fixed mouse, combined with left eye pupillometry using a USB camera and a markerless tracking toolbox, DeepLabCut. Our open-source LSTM model with feature inputs of pupil diameter, location, velocity, and eyelid opening for 10 s at a 10 Hz sampling rate achieved vigilance state estimation with a higher classification performance (macro F1 score, 0.77; accuracy, 86%) than a feed forward neural network. Findings from diverse pupillary dynamics implied subdivision of a vigilance state defined by EEG and EMG. Pupil dynamics-based hypnography can expand the scope of alternatives for sleep stage scoring of head fixed mice.

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Sleep onset is a creative sweet spot

Abstract: A single minute of sleep onset is sufficient to boost the probability of insight by a factor of three compared to wake.

Cited by 49 publications

References 44 publications

Memory loss at sleep onset

Memory loss at sleep onset

Sleep quality and creativity in Chinese college student during the COVID-19 pandemic: The mediating role of executive function

Pupil dynamics-derived sleep stage classification of a head-fixed mouse using a recurrent neural network

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