Sleep Problems in Children With Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Impact of Subtype, Comorbidity, and Stimulant Medication

Corkum, Penny; Moldofsky, Harvey; Hogg‐Johnson, Sheilah; Humphries, Tom; Tannock, Rosemary

doi:10.1097/00004583-199910000-00018

Cited by 219 publications

(182 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…This is significantly more [12,36] argue that comorbid behavioural disorder (oppositional defiant disorder, ODD) may serve as an explanation for sleep disorder, or at least for settling problems. This, however, cannot be confirmed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies indicate that the majority of AHDHrelated sleep difficulties may result from a combination of comorbidity and medical treatment [12]. Comparing children with ADHD against clinical controls, Mick et al [36] found no significant sleep difficulties in children with ADHD when comorbidity (anxiety, oppositional defiant disorder and depression) and treatment with stimulants were taken into account.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parental rating of sleep in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Hvolby¹,

Jørgensen

Bilenberg

2009

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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Objective: Sleep problems have often been associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Parents of those with ADHD and children with ADHD report sleep difficulties more frequently than healthy children and their parents. The primary objective of this paper is to describe sleep patterns and problems of 5 to 11-year-old children suffering from ADHD as described by parental reports and sleep questionnaires. Method: The study included 321 children aged 5–11 years (average age 8.4 years); 45 were diagnosed with ADHD, 64 had other psychiatric diagnoses, and 212 were healthy. One hundred and ninety-six of the test subjects were boys and 125 were girls. A semi-structured interview (Kiddie-SADS-PL) was used to DSM-IV diagnose ADHD and comorbidity in the clinical group. Sleep difficulties were rated using a structured sleep questionnaire (Children Sleep Behaviour Scale). Results: Children diagnosed with ADHD had a significantly increased occurrence of sleep problems. Difficulties relating to bedtime and unsettled sleep were significantly more frequent in the ADHD group than in the other groups. Children with ADHD showed prolonged sleep onset latency, but no difference was shown regarding numbers of awakenings per night and total sleep time per night. Comorbid oppositional defiant disorder appeared not to have an added effect on problematic behaviour around bedtime. Conclusion: Parents of children with ADHD report that their children do not sleep properly more often than other parents. The ADHD group report problems with bedtime resistance, problems with sleep onset latency, unsettled sleep and nightmares more often than the control groups. It may therefore be relevant for clinicians to initiate a closer examination of those cases reporting sleep difficulties

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental rating of sleep in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Hvolby¹,

Jørgensen

Bilenberg

2009

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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“…(Hvolby et al, 2009;O'Brien et al, 2003a;O'Brien et al, 2003b;Owens et al, 2000), whereas other studies report sleep onset problems to be associated with ODD comorbidity and stimulant medication rather than ADHD itself (Corkum et al, 1999;Mick et al, 2000). Higher bedtime resistance in an ADHD population with ODD may exacerbate sleep complaints.…”

Section: Sleep-wake Rhythmsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In general, sleep studies in ADHD have given 12 mixed results on both subjective (i.e., clinical history, sleep diaries, and rating scales) and objective (i.e., actigraphy, and MSTL) sleep measures. The presence of different confounding factors in different studies have been suggested to be responsible for some of these discrepancies, e.g., age and sex (Boonstra et al, 2007), seasonal effects (Boonstra et al, 2007), temporal changes in DSM classification (Cortese et al, 2006), ADHD subtype (Wiggs et al, 2005), medication status (Corkum et al, 1999;Cortese et al, 2006), and psychiatric comorbidity (Corkum et al, 1999;Cortese et al, 2006). The relation between ADHD and sleep becomes even more complex as sleep-related disorders such as restless leg syndrome and sleep apnea can present alongside ADHD (van der Heijden et al, 2005a).…”

Section: Sleep-wake Rhythmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Altered circadian profiles in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An integrative review and theoretical framework for future studies

Imeraj

Sonuga‐Barke

Antrop

et al. 2012

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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and (iv) rhythmicity in neuroendocrine and neurophysiological responsiveness. On this basis, we propose a neurobiological framework to guide future study, which sees circadian effects in ADHD, along with other aspects of ADHD arousal-related deficits (e.g., cognitive energetic deficits), as being the result of dysregulated locus coeruleus function. Based on this perspective specific recommendations for future research are presented.

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“…Other areas of adolescent life such as driving are also adversely affected by ADHD, leading to an increased risk of accidents associated with injuries (Barkley 2004). Of particular concern is a 12 fold increase in dysthymia and sleep disorders, which are found in adults with arousal dysfunction (Corkum et al 1999). In general, the incidence of ADHD did not seem related to P50 potential amplitude.…”

Section: Adhdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term deficits of preterm birth: Evidence for arousal and attentional disturbances

Hall

Huitt

Thapa

et al. 2008

Clinical Neurophysiology

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Objective-Quantitative measures of pre-attentional, attentional and frontal lobe processes were compared to evaluate quantitative measures of these deficits in Ex-Preterm vs. Ex-Term adolescents.Methods-We compared 43 Ex-Preterm with 26 Ex-Term adolescents using the P50 auditory potential, the Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT), a reaction time (RT) test, and Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS).Results-The mean amplitude (±SE) of the P50 amplitude was similar in the Ex-Preterm (1.8 ±1.4µv) vs. Ex-Term adolescents (1.8±0.6µv, df=68, F=0.05, p=0.8), but the Ex-Preterm group showed a trimodal distribution in amplitude (High, 3.3±0.4 µv,df=42.25, F=19.2, p<0.01; Medium, 1.7±0.1 µv, df=39, F=0.41, p=0.53; Low, 0.7±0.1 µv, df=40, F=49.5, p<0.01) suggested by statistically significant variance between populations (Kolmogorov-Kuiper test, df=42.25, F=5.4, p<0.01). Mean RT was longer in Ex-Preterm (250±8 msec) vs. Ex-Term subjects (200±5 ms, df=68, F=18.8, p<0.001). PVT lapses were increased in Ex-Preterm subjects, and varied inversely with P50 amplitude (Overall Mean 17±5 lapses, df=67, F=5.34, p<0.05; Low P50 amplitude, 25±10, df=40, F=8.8, p<0.01; Medium, 21±11, df=38, F=5.37, p<0.05; High, 6±2, df=39, F=6.78, p<0.01) vs. ExTerm subjects (2±0.4 lapses, p<0.01). NIRS levels did not differ statistically, but tended to correlate with P50 amplitude in the Ex-Preterm group.Conclusions-These findings suggest differential pre-attentional, attentional and frontal lobe dysfunction in ex-preterm adolescents.Significance-These measures could provide a means to objectively assess differential dysregulation of arousal and attention in Ex-Preterm adolescents, allowing optimization of therapeutic designs.

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Sleep Problems in Children With Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: Impact of Subtype, Comorbidity, and Stimulant Medication

Cited by 219 publications

References 11 publications

Parental rating of sleep in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Parental rating of sleep in children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

Altered circadian profiles in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: An integrative review and theoretical framework for future studies

Long-term deficits of preterm birth: Evidence for arousal and attentional disturbances

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