Sleep Quality among Police Officers: Implications and Insights from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature

Garbarino, Sergio; Guglielmi, Ottavia; Puntoni, Matteo; Bragazzi, Nicola Luigi; Magnavita, Nicola

doi:10.3390/ijerph16050885

Cited by 72 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Studies found the prevalence of poor sleep or sleep problem was 43.1% (PSQI> 5) in healthcare workers in Tehran [41], 48.6% (PSQI≥5) in nurses in Saudi Arabia [40], 57% (PSQI≥5) in nurses in Taiwan [26], 58.3%(PSQI > 5) in nurses in Nigeria [22], 63.9% (PSQI ≥5) and 54.8% (PSQI ≥8) in nurses in China [23,24]. In systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the pooled prevalence of poor sleep or sleep disturbances was reported to be 51% (95% CI 42-60%) in 3722 police officers [42], 39.2% (95% CI 36.0-42.7%) among 31,749 Chinese healthcare professionals [43], lower than our results. Besides, we also found that the prevalence of poor sleep and severe sleep problems among emergency nurses in tertiary hospitals was statistically higher than those in secondary and primary hospitals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep quality of nurses in the emergency department of public hospitals in China and its influencing factors: a cross-sectional study

Dong

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2020

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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Background: Studies have shown that poor sleep could result in many unpleasant consequences and is prevalent in nurses. Considering the fact of high stress, overwhelming workload and many night shifts in the emergency department in China, this study aimed to evaluate the current status of emergency nurses' sleep quality in public hospitals in Shandong, China and explored its influencing factors. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire incorporating the Job Content Questionnaire and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was conducted among 4856 emergency nurses in five randomly selected city emergency command systems in Shandong, China. The association of potential influencing factors, including occupational, psychosocial and individual factors, with poor sleep (PSQI> 5) was quantified by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The average PSQI score of 4730 emergency nurses in public hospitals was 8.2 ± 3.9, including 3114 (65.8%) subjects with PSQI > 5 and 2905 (61.4%) > 8; these figures were found highest for 337 emergency nurses in 14 tertiary hospitals with 11.8 ± 4.3, 257 (76.3%) and 232 (68.8%), followed by 1044 emergency nurses in 43 secondary hospitals with 9.5 ± 3.9, 725 (69.4%) and 675 (64.7%) and 3349 emergency nurses in 167 primary hospitals with 7.4 ± 3.5, 2132 (63.7%) and 1998 (59.7%). The following factors were associated with poor sleep: hospital level (tertiary vs. primary, secondary vs. primary), female sex, less of exercise, long work hours per week, many patients in the charge of at night, high monthly night shift frequency (4-6 vs. never, ≥7 vs. never) and high occupational stress. Conclusions: The sleep quality of emergency nurses in public hospitals in China was poor, especially in tertiary hospitals. Many factors as listed above, especially occupational stress, night shift taking and workload at night, should be considered when improving emergency nurses' sleep quality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep quality of nurses in the emergency department of public hospitals in China and its influencing factors: a cross-sectional study

Dong

Zhang

Zhu

et al. 2020

Health Qual Life Outcomes

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“…The COVID − 19 has been a worldwide epidemic now. The police o cers participate in the ght against the epidemic, which increases the risk of contacting COVID − 19 and aggravates their mental problems 8,9 . The current study, which focused on psychological responses during the COVID-19 epidemic among the police o cers in Wuhu, reported the education, location, police classi cation and use of sleeping pills were risk factors for depression, and the age, education, marital status, location, police classi cation and use of sleeping pills were risk factors for anxiety.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A survey of psychological responses during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic among Chinese police officers in Wuhu

Yuan

Zhu

Chen

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused serious threats to people’s health and lives. The police officers are bravely fighting on the front lines of the epidemic. Our study is the first survey of psychological response in the police officers of China during the tumultuous time of the COVID − 19 outbreak. Methods A cross-sectional online questionnaire was conducted to the police officers from 5 districts (Yijiang, Sanshan, Jiujiang, jinghu and Jingkai) and 4 counties (Wuhu, Nanling,Fanchang and Wuwei) of Wuhu City through Wechat, and the data were collected between 10 and 26 March 2020. A total of 3561 questionnaires were received in the study, of which 3517 were considered valid. The questionnaires included the demographic information and psychological survey. The depression scale of the patient health questionnaire (PHQ-9) and generalized anxiety disorder 7-item scale (GAD-7) were employed to assess depression and anxiety, respectively. Results The mean depression score of the participants was 4.10 ± 4.87 (0 ~ 27). 12.17% of the police officers had moderate to severe depression. The mean anxiety score of the participants was 3.59 ± 4.228 (0 ~ 21). 8.79% the police officers had moderate to severe anxiety. The participants of senior high school or below and academy had lower depression and anxiety scores than these of bachelor or above, respectively. The police officers Unmarried had lower anxiety scores than married. The different location and police classification were associated with the different degree of depression and anxiety. The participants who did not take sleeping pills had lower depression and anxiety scores than those who took sleeping pills. The depression scores of the police officers were strongly correlated with their anxiety scores of the police officers. Conclusion The police officers have different levels of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 epidemic in Wuhu. We should call for attention to the psychological response of police officers during the epidemic, and provide them with corresponding help and follow-up.

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“…Sleep quality should be an imperative consideration in treatment settings and workplace policy, particularly regarding the impact of shift work on sleep patterns. Policies restricting the frequency or combination of particularly lengthy shifts (e.g., exceeding 10 h), night shifts, and rotating shift patterns may help mitigate health and performance consequences [24][25][26]66]. A dose-response association between length of shift and sleep disturbances has previously been reported [25]; as such, policies restricting shift duration may increase the safety of PSP and the public.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Policies restricting the frequency or combination of particularly lengthy shifts (e.g., exceeding 10 h), night shifts, and rotating shift patterns may help mitigate health and performance consequences [24][25][26]66]. A dose-response association between length of shift and sleep disturbances has previously been reported [25]; as such, policies restricting shift duration may increase the safety of PSP and the public. Support from management, organizations, and governments, in consideration of work hours, shift length and shift pattern, sleep timing, and exercise may be pivotal to implement good sleep hygiene behaviours for PSP.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Sleep Quality and Mental Disorder Symptoms among Canadian Public Safety Personnel

Angehrn

Sapach

Ricciardelli

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Poor sleep quality is associated with numerous mental health concerns and poorer overall physical health. Sleep disturbances are commonly reported by public safety personnel (PSP) and may contribute to the risk of developing mental disorders or exacerbate mental disorder symptoms. The current investigation was designed to provide estimates of sleep disturbances among PSP and explore the relationship between sleep quality and mental health status. PSP completed screening measures for sleep quality and diverse mental disorders through an online survey. Respondents (5813) were grouped into six categories: communications officials, correctional workers, firefighters, paramedics, police officers, and Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP). Many PSP in each category reported symptoms consistent with clinical insomnia (49-60%). Rates of sleep disturbances differed among PSP categories (p < 0.001, ω = 0.08). Sleep quality was correlated with screening measures for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and alcohol use disorder for all PSP categories (r = 0.18-0.70, p < 0.001). PSP who screened positive for insomnia were 3.43-6.96 times more likely to screen positive for a mental disorder. All PSP reported varying degrees of sleep quality, with the lowest disturbances found among firefighters and municipal/provincial police. Sleep appears to be a potentially important factor for PSP mental health.

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Sleep Quality among Police Officers: Implications and Insights from a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Literature

Cited by 72 publications

References 56 publications

Sleep quality of nurses in the emergency department of public hospitals in China and its influencing factors: a cross-sectional study

Sleep quality of nurses in the emergency department of public hospitals in China and its influencing factors: a cross-sectional study

A survey of psychological responses during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic among Chinese police officers in Wuhu

Sleep Quality and Mental Disorder Symptoms among Canadian Public Safety Personnel

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