Sleep Quality, Insomnia, Anxiety, Fatigue, Stress, Memory and Active Coping during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract

Background: The current study aimed to evaluate the impact of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on sleep quality, insomnia, anxiety, stress, fatigue and active coping in the United States. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a publicly available database taken from the Boston College COVID-19 Sleep and Well-Being Dataset. We have selected the most recent data that included information about sleep quality and other measures, including insomnia, anxiety, stress, fatigue and coping, collected between 22 February–8 March 2021. Results: A total of 476 subjects were included in the analysis. The mean (SD) age of the study population was 38.8 (17.8) years, and there were more females (85%) than males. The population had a mean (SD) score of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) of 6 (3.2), with 65% having the prevalence of poor sleep quality (defined as PSQ ≥ 5; n = 311). The mean (SD) score for Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was 6.9 (5.2), with 55 subjects (11.5%) having clinical insomnia (defined as ISI ≥ 15); of whom 9% had severe clinical insomnia. There were positive correlations between PSQI and ISI (r = 0.76, p < 0.001), PROMIS fatigue scale (r = 0.53, p < 0.001), Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) (r = 0.46, p < 0.001), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) (r = 0.44, p < 0.001). The PSQI was inversely correlated with the John Henryism Active Coping Scale (JHACS) and memory scale. In the multivariate regression model, JHACS, ISI, fatigue, PSS and GAD-7 were significant predictors of PSQI, and these variables accounted for 62% of the variance of PSQI, adjusted for age and gender. Conclusion: An important contribution to the literature is made by this research, which demonstrates the significant prevalence of poor sleep quality and its association with insomnia and other mental and physical well-being. It also underlines the need to prioritise policy and public health efforts to address sleep issues that have substantial health and economic effects for both individuals and the population at large.

Associations Between Childhood Stressors, COVID-19-Related Anxiety, and Sleep Quality of Adults During the Third Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel

“…51 The mean global PSQI and ISI scores in the current study were within the range observed in England, Italy, the West Balkan, and the USA during the third wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (ISI= 6.9-8.1; PSQI = 5.77-7.62). [52][53][54][55] In the present study, several childhood stressors were found to be associated with a reduction in sleep quality and with increased symptoms of insomnia. The most consistent predictor was the number of ACEs.…”

Prevalence and predictors of nomophobia among the general population in two middle eastern countries

“…The COVID-19 epidemic has impacted the mental health of a wide range of people, including the general public, healthcare professionals, and university students. All studies agree that the epidemic has increased people's stress levels, increasing their risk of developing anxiety, depression, and other mental illnesses [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. This study was a cross-sectional web-based survey in Saudi Arabia and Jordan.…”

Dimensionality, psychometric properties, and population-based norms of the Turkish version of the Chalder Fatigue Scale among adults

“…In several areas, fatigue remains an important issue that affects individuals' health-related quality of life, employee health, safety, and overall work productivity by 54% [3,4]. Recently, it has become a major concern for the physical and mental health of individuals working under challenging workload conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic [2,[5][6][7]. The prevalence of fatigue among patients who recovered from COVID-19 ranges from 52 to 70% [8,9].…”