Sleep Related Epilepsy and Pharmacotherapy: An Insight

Kumar, Jaya; Solaiman, Amro; Mahakkanukrauh, Pasuk; Mohamed, Rashidi Mohamed Pakri; Das, Srijit

doi:10.3389/fphar.2018.01088

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 213 publications

(218 reference statements)

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“…Epilepsy is a common CNS disorder epidemiologically, with a prevalence of 6.38 per 1000 persons, and lifetime prevalence 7.60 per 1000 individuals 41 . Its annual cumulative incidence is 67.77 per 100,000 individuals, and the incidence rate is 61.44 per 100,000 person‐years 42…”

Section: Epilepsy and Its Clinical Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential surgical therapies for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

et al. 2021

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Drug‐resistant focal epilepsy (DRFE), defined by failure of two antiepileptic drugs, affects 30% of epileptic patients. Epilepsy surgeries are alternative options for this population. Preoperative evaluation is critical to include potential candidates, and to choose the most appropriate procedure to maximize efficacy and simultaneously minimize side effects. Traditional procedures involve open skull surgeries and epileptic focus resection. Alternatively, neuromodulation surgeries use peripheral nerve or deep brain stimulation to reduce the activities of epileptogenic focus. With the advanced improvement of laser‐induced thermal therapy (LITT) technique and its utilization in neurosurgery, magnetic resonance‐guided LITT (MRgLITT) emerges as a minimal invasive approach for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy. In the present review, we first introduce drug‐resistant focal epilepsy and summarize the indications, pros and cons of traditional surgical procedures and neuromodulation procedures. And then, focusing on MRgLITT, we thoroughly discuss its history, its technical details, its safety issues, and current evidence on its clinical applications. A case report on MRgLITT is also included to illustrate the preoperational evaluation. We believe that MRgLITT is a promising approach in selected patients with drug‐resistant focal epilepsy, although large prospective studies are required to evaluate its efficacy and side effects, as well as to implement a standardized protocol for its application.

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Section: Epilepsy and Its Clinical Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential surgical therapies for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

et al. 2021

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“…The sleep–wake cycle has an effect on epilepsy. Sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (SHE) and Panayiotopoulos syndrome (PS) are two of the most frequently implicated epilepsies occurring during the sleep state [ 2 ]. Generalized epilepsy, such as juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), is most often associated with awakening.…”

Section: Impact Of Micrornas On Sleep-related Epilepsymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…More than 1/3 of protein-coding genes in human cells are regulated by microRNAs. It is estimated that genes encoding microRNAs constitute 1–5% of all genes in humans and animals [ 1 , 2 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of microRNA Expression in Sleep Disorders in Patients with Epilepsy

Dziadkowiak

Chojdak-Łukasiewicz

Olejniczak

et al. 2021

IJMS

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The effects of epilepsy on sleep and the activating effects of sleep on seizures are well documented in the literature. To date, many sleep-related and awake-associated epilepsy syndromes have been described. The relationship between sleep and epilepsy has led to the recognition of polysomnographic testing as an important diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of epilepsy. The authors analyzed the available medical database in search of other markers that assess correlations between epilepsy and sleep. Studies pointing to microRNAs, whose abnormal expression may be common to epilepsy and sleep disorders, are promising. In recent years, the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of epilepsy and sleep disorders has been increasingly emphasized. MicroRNAs are a family of single-stranded, non-coding, endogenous regulatory molecules formed from double-stranded precursors. They are typically composed of 21–23 nucleotides, and their main role involves post-transcriptional downregulation of expression of numerous genes. Learning more about the role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of sleep disorder epilepsy may result in its use as a biomarker in these disorders and application in therapy.

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“…Overstimulation of glutamate receptors leads to the progression of many CNS-related complications (Kumar et al, 2018a;Kumar et al, 2018b). Ab plaques cause glutamatergic hyperexcitation through continuous stimulation of NMDAr that results in its desensitization and an increase in Ca 2+ influx (Wang X. P. et al, 2019).…”

Section: Emerging Treatments: Neuroinflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer’s Disease: Seeking Clarity in a Time of Uncertainty

et al. 2020

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Alzheimer's disease (AD) is recognized as a major health hazard that mostly affects people older than 60 years. AD is one of the biggest medical, economic, and social concerns to patients and their caregivers. AD was ranked as the 5 th leading cause of global deaths in 2016 by the World Health Organization (WHO). Many drugs targeting the production, aggregation, and clearance of Ab plaques failed to give any conclusive clinical outcomes. This mainly stems from the fact that AD is not a disease attributed to a single-gene mutation. Two hallmarks of AD, Ab plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), can simultaneously induce other AD etiologies where every pathway is a loop of consequential events. Therefore, the focus of recent AD research has shifted to exploring other etiologies, such as neuroinflammation and central hyperexcitability. Neuroinflammation results from the hyperactivation of microglia and astrocytes that release pro-inflammatory cytokines due to the neurological insults caused by Ab plaques and NFTs, eventually leading to synaptic dysfunction and neuronal death. This review will report the failures and side effects of many anti-Ab drugs. In addition, emerging treatments targeting neuroinflammation in AD, such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 1 (RIPK1), that restore calcium dyshomeostasis and microglia physiological function in clearing Ab plaques, respectively, will be deliberately discussed. Other novel pharmacotherapy strategies in treating AD, including disease-modifying agents (DMTs), repurposing of medications used to treat non-AD illnesses, and multi target-directed ligands (MTDLs) are also reviewed. These approaches open new doors to the development of AD therapy, especially combination therapy that can cater for several targets simultaneously, hence effectively slowing or stopping AD.

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Sleep Related Epilepsy and Pharmacotherapy: An Insight

Cited by 19 publications

References 213 publications

Potential surgical therapies for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Potential surgical therapies for drug‐resistant focal epilepsy

Regulation of microRNA Expression in Sleep Disorders in Patients with Epilepsy

Pharmacotherapy of Alzheimer’s Disease: Seeking Clarity in a Time of Uncertainty

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