Sleep Related Expiratory Obstructive Apnea in Children

Haupt, Mark; Goodman, Denise M.; Sheldon, Stephen H.

doi:10.5664/jcsm.2262

Cited by 14 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Indeed, one of the hallmarks of sighs is their association with an initial heart rate increase, which is followed by a heart rate decrease (Fig. 3; Haupt et al, 2012; McNamara et al, 1998; Porges et al, 2000; Weese-Mayer et al, 2008a; Wulbrand et al, 2008). This sigh-coupled heart rate change not only seems to be important for coordinating cardiorespiratory function but also correlates with the degree of cortical arousal (Thach, 2002; Thach and Lijowska, 1996).…”

Section: Sighs and Their Implications For Sids And Other Pathologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Integrative Role of the Sigh in Psychology, Physiology, Pathology, and Neurobiology

Ramirez

2014

Progress in Brain Research

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“Sighs, tears, grief, distress” expresses Johann Sebastian Bach in a musical example for the relationship between sighs and deep emotions. This review explores the neurobiological basis of the sigh and its relationship with psychology, physiology, and pathology. Sighs monitor changes in brain states, induce arousal, and reset breathing variability. These behavioral roles homeostatically regulate breathing stability under physiological and pathological conditions. Sighs evoked in hypoxia evoke arousal and thereby become critical for survival. Hypoarousal and failure to sigh have been associated with sudden infant death syndrome. Increased breathing irregularity may provoke excessive sighing and hyperarousal, a behavioral sequence that may play a role in panic disorders. Essential for generating sighs and breathing is the pre-Bötzinger complex. Modulatory and synaptic interactions within this local network and between networks located in the brainstem, cerebellum, cortex, hypothalamus, amygdala, and the periaqueductal gray may govern the relationships between physiology, psychology, and pathology. Unraveling these circuits will lead to a better understanding of how we balance emotions and how emotions become pathological.

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Section: Sighs and Their Implications For Sids And Other Pathologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Integrative Role of the Sigh in Psychology, Physiology, Pathology, and Neurobiology

Ramirez

2014

Progress in Brain Research

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“…Sighs are also associated with a heart rate increase followed by a heart rate decrease (Haupt et al, 2012; McNamara et al, 1998; Porges et al, 2000; Weese-Mayer et al, 2008; Wulbrand et al, 2008). The heart rate changes associated with the sigh are often altered in human diseases such as familial dysautonomia, sickle cell anemia, and SIDS (Franco et al, 2003; Sangkatumvong et al, 2011; Weese-Mayer et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Recovery From Airway Occlusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Post-sigh apneas are very common in children (Haupt et al, 2012; O'Driscoll et al, 2009) but are also present in adults (Vlemincx et al, 2010). Post-sigh apneas can be exaggerated in neurological disorders such as Leigh Syndrome (Quintana et al, 2012; Saito, 2009; Yasaki et al, 2001), Familial Dysautonomia (Weese-Mayer et al, 2008), and Rett Syndrome (Voituron et al, 2010).…”

Section: The Recovery From Airway Occlusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Central and peripheral factors contributing to obstructive sleep apneas

Ramirez

Garcia

Anderson

et al. 2013

Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology

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Apnea, the cessation of breathing, is a common physiological and pathophysiological phenomenon with many basic scientific and clinical implications. Among the different forms of apnea, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is clinically the most prominent manifestation. OSA is characterized by repetitive airway occlusions that are typically associated with peripheral airway obstructions. However, it would be a gross oversimplification to conclude that OSA is caused by peripheral obstructions. OSA is the result of a dynamic interplay between chemo- and mechanosensory reflexes, neuromodulation, behavioral state and the differential activation of the central respiratory network and its motor outputs. This interplay has numerous neuronal and cardiovascular consequences that are initially adaptive but in the long-term become major contributors to the morbidity and mortality associated with OSA. However, not only OSA, but all forms of apnea have multiple, and partly overlapping mechanisms. In all cases the underlying mechanisms are neither “exclusively peripheral” nor “exclusively central” in origin. While the emphasis has long been on the role of peripheral reflex pathways in the case of OSA, and central mechanisms in the case of central apneas, we are learning that such a separation is inconsistent with the integration of these mechanisms in all cases of apneas. This review discusses the complex interplay of peripheral and central nervous components that characterizes the cessation of breathing.

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“…10 This is a benign condition. Post sigh central apnoea differs from pathological central apnoea in several important ways.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%