Sleep respiratory problems in children: Diagnosis and contribution of the orthodontist

Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Knowledge and Attitudes of Medical and Dental Students and Fresh Graduates from Saudi Arabia

“…Though a possibility still exists that the questionnaire we used did not cover all important information about pediatric OSA, it still contained some major topic areas which a fresh medical or dental graduate should know including the epidemiology, risk factors, diagnosis, signs and symptoms and whom to refer suspected cases. In-depth questions focusing on treatment were excluded as that is performed by otolaryngologists, sleep medicine specialists, or surgeons [ 3 , 7 ]. In the dental field, maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists, and dentists specialized in oral medicine, dental sleep medicine or orofacial pain and dysfunction are those who may be involved with the treatment [ 14 , 28 ]; consequently, fresh graduates of both fields are expected to perform more patient screenings, initial diagnosis and referral of suspected cases than actual treatment.…”

“…In the dental field, maxillofacial surgeons, orthodontists, and dentists specialized in oral medicine, dental sleep medicine or orofacial pain and dysfunction are those who may be involved with the treatment [ 14 , 28 ]; consequently, fresh graduates of both fields are expected to perform more patient screenings, initial diagnosis and referral of suspected cases than actual treatment. Nevertheless, it is essential to ensure that fresh graduates are aware of the effectiveness of intra-oral appliances in the management of pediatric OSA, which has been repeatedly emphasized, particularly in severe or complicated cases [ 3 , 12 , 29 ], when other treatment options do not resolve the condition (adenotonsillectomy) or are not tolerated (continuous positive airway pressure) [ 3 , 8 ].…”

“…According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is one of the most common sleep disorders but is often underdiagnosed and untreated [ 1 ]. It is defined as repeated episodes of upper airway closure during sleep, resulting in oxyhemoglobin desaturation, and episodes of apnea or hypopnea in a sleep recording that cause sleep fragmentation [ 2 , 3 ]. The frequency of these episodes determines the severity of the condition [ 3 ].…”

“…It is defined as repeated episodes of upper airway closure during sleep, resulting in oxyhemoglobin desaturation, and episodes of apnea or hypopnea in a sleep recording that cause sleep fragmentation [ 2 , 3 ]. The frequency of these episodes determines the severity of the condition [ 3 ]. Other than respiratory disease, OSA has been associated with metabolic, cardiovascular, dental, and other diseases.…”

Associations Between Morning Salivary and Blood Cortisol Concentrations in Individuals With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Meta-Analysis

“…Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is one of the most common breathing disorders of sleep, with significant consequences for quality of life (1). Diagnosis of OSAS is made on the basis of nocturnal and diurnal clinical symptoms such as frequent collapses of the upper airway during sleep, resulting in intermittent nocturnal hypoxia and fragmented sleep (2)(3)(4). OSAS is defined by the Apnea-Hypopnea Index (AHI) as > 5 events per hour as measured by polysomnography for adults (5) and AHI > 1 events per hour for children (6).…”