Sleep stage II contributes to the consolidation of declarative memories

Ruch, Simon; Markes, Oliver; Duss, Simone B.; Oppliger, Daniel; Reber, Thomas P.; Koenig, Thomas; Mathis, Johannes; Roth, Corinne; Henke, Katharina

doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.06.008

Cited by 76 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Based on these findings, Smith and coworkers (846,1114) proposed that especially simple motor tasks require stage 2 sleep, whereas complex motor tasks may require REM sleep. However, sleep stage 2 spindle activity and spindle counts were found to similarly correlate with the overnight retention of verbal and visuospatial memories, suggesting that spindles and stage 2 sleep are also involved in declarative memory formation (213,214,1016).…”

Section: Sleep and Memorymentioning

confidence: 98%

“…In rats, robust increases in sleep spindles (12)(13)(14)(15) Hz) were observed after learning odor-reward associations (354) and after avoidance training (397). Furthermore, indicators of sleep spindle expression consistently correlated with the amount of overnight retention of declarative memories (86,213,214,235,446,562,822,1016,1024,1037,1044,1057). Interestingly, spindle activity (11)(12)(13)(14)(15) Hz) also correlated with signs of overnight lexical integration of newly learned information, suggesting that spindles contribute to the integration of new memories into existing neocortical knowledge networks (1175).…”

Section: Relationship Between Spindles and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

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About Sleep's Role in Memory

Rasch

Born

2013

Physiological Reviews

2,265

2,026

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Over more than a century of research has established the fact that sleep benefits the retention of memory. In this review we aim to comprehensively cover the field of "sleep and memory" research by providing a historical perspective on concepts and a discussion of more recent key findings. Whereas initial theories posed a passive role for sleep enhancing memories by protecting them from interfering stimuli, current theories highlight an active role for sleep in which memories undergo a process of system consolidation during sleep. Whereas older research concentrated on the role of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, recent work has revealed the importance of slow-wave sleep (SWS) for memory consolidation and also enlightened some of the underlying electrophysiological, neurochemical, and genetic mechanisms, as well as developmental aspects in these processes. Specifically, newer findings characterize sleep as a brain state optimizing memory consolidation, in opposition to the waking brain being optimized for encoding of memories. Consolidation originates from reactivation of recently encoded neuronal memory representations, which occur during SWS and transform respective representations for integration into long-term memory. Ensuing REM sleep may stabilize transformed memories. While elaborated with respect to hippocampus-dependent memories, the concept of an active redistribution of memory representations from networks serving as temporary store into long-term stores might hold also for non-hippocampus-dependent memory, and even for nonneuronal, i.e., immunological memories, giving rise to the idea that the offline consolidation of memory during sleep represents a principle of long-term memory formation established in quite different physiological systems.

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Section: Sleep and Memorymentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Relationship Between Spindles and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

About Sleep's Role in Memory

Rasch

Born

2013

Physiological Reviews

2,265

2,026

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Although originally implicated in procedural learning, sleep spindles have been linked with the consolidation of a host of memory types, including emotional and declarative memory. For example, higher spindle activity in a mid-day nap was linked to enhanced consolidation of an associative task [17] and was also shown to moderate emotional memory consolidation [73]. In preschool-aged children, we demonstrated that higher spindle density in habitual nappers was correlated with enhanced consolidation of a visuo-spatial task [31].…”

Section: Naps Benefit Cognitive Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Process C cycles non-linearly, and troughs of alertness typically occur during the night and postprandially (ie, after lunch). Sleep pressure accumulated during a normal day, via Process S, is believed to initiate the onset of NREM sleep upon sleep onset [17]. Process C modulates REM sleep.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the nap paradox: are mid-day sleep bouts a friend or foe?

Mantua

Spencer

2017

Sleep Medicine

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The mid-day nap, sometimes called a siesta, is a ubiquitous occurrence across the lifespan. It is well established that in addition to reducing sleepiness, mid-day naps offer a variety of benefits: memory consolidation, preparation for subsequent learning, executive functioning enhancement, and a boost in emotional stability. These benefits are present even if a sufficient amount of sleep is obtained during the night prior. However, we present a paradox: in spite of these reported benefits of naps, frequent napping has also been associated with numerous negative outcomes (eg, cognitive decline, hypertension, diabetes), particularly in older populations. This association exists even when statistically controlling for relevant health- and sleep-affecting determinants. An emerging hypothesis suggests inflammation is a mediator between mid-day naps and poor health outcomes, yet further research is necessary. Given this, it may be premature to ‘prescribe’ naps as a health enhancer. Herein, we aggregate findings from several branches of sleep research (eg, developmental neuroscience, cognitive neuroscience, sleep medicine) to critically examine the paradoxical role of naps in cognitive and somatic health. This review uncovers gaps in the literature to guide research opportunities in the field.

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“…According to the previous study, the memory and learning performance of people who wake up during S2 sleep is better than that of people who wake up during SWS [34]. Waking up during S2 sleep can also avoid sleep inertia that is caused by being awakened during a deep sleep stage.…”

Section: Experiments 2: Performance Of Thementioning

confidence: 95%

Development of an EOG-Based Automatic Sleep-Monitoring Eye Mask

Liang

Kuo

Lee

et al. 2015

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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Health care researchers have recently developed several home-based sleep monitoring systems and mobile applications that support healthy sleep by monitoring a user's sleep environment, activities, or sleep quality. This study describes the design and evaluation of an electrooculogram (EOG)-based system for an automatic sleep monitoring. Compared with polysomnogram or electroencephalogram recordings, EOG has the advantage of easy placement and can be operated by the users themselves. We also design an intelligent eye mask that is user friendly for measuring sleep stage and quality. Two user experiments were carried out to demonstrate that the proposed system produces valid measurements of sleep stage and sleep quality and has good usability and reliability while not disturbing sleep significantly. These findings suggest that our system can also be applied to long-term sleep monitoring or sleep environment control to improve the user's sleep quality and make sleep more comfortable.

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Sleep stage II contributes to the consolidation of declarative memories

Cited by 76 publications

References 52 publications

About Sleep's Role in Memory

About Sleep's Role in Memory

Exploring the nap paradox: are mid-day sleep bouts a friend or foe?

Development of an EOG-Based Automatic Sleep-Monitoring Eye Mask

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