Sleep structure in sleep bruxism: A polysomnographic study including bruxism activity phenotypes across sleep stages

Abstract

According to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) and the third edition of the International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD-3), sleep bruxism (SB) is a repetitive jaw-muscle activity characterized by clenching or grinding of the teeth and/ or bracing or thrusting of the mandible (American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2014). The following clinical criteria for SB are

Influence of age and gender on sleep bruxism and snoring in non‐apneic snoring patients: A polysomnographic study

“…The decrease of SB with age is also very interesting in the context of previously reported findings on sleep structure in SB. As we reported in our previous study, sleep bruxers spend more time in REM sleep (Wieczorek et al, 2020). What is more, REM sleep decreases with age (Ohayon, Carskadon, Guilleminault, & Vitiello, 2004).…”

“…This could explain the fact that the number of phasic contractions is probably not relevant or even protective (American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2014) in the context of SRBD risk decreasing with age, whereas the risk of snoring and SRBD increases with age (Chan et al, 2012;Chuang et al, 2017). The analysis based on median age showed a decrease in BEI of the older group and also supported the hypothesis of a decrease in bruxism incidence with age (American (Wieczorek et al, 2020). What is more, REM sleep decreases with age (Ohayon, Carskadon, Guilleminault, & Vitiello, 2004).…”

Comparison of the occurrence of sleep bruxism under accustomed conditions at home and under polysomnography conditions in a sleep laboratory

“…The distribution of sleep stages in the laboratory PSG-AV environment was as follows: 6.4% for stage N1, 43.4% for stage N2, 32.3% for stage N3, and 17.9% for REM sleep. These figures suggest that the sleep stages under PSG conditions in this study were not shallow as compared to the results regarding sleep structure obtained in previous PSG studies [38][39][40][41]. Moreover, in a previous study using a simplified PSG device at home, sleep efficiency was measured at 89.2-90.8% and the distribution of sleep stages (N1, N2, N3, and REM) was 9.7-10.6%, 44.3-45.4%, 23.2-25.3%, and 20.1-21.9%, respectively [36].…”

Research routes on improved sleep bruxism metrics: Toward a standardised approach

“…Regarding SB, we still need to clarify the presence of distinct phenotypes, e.g. using different characteristics based on autonomic heart rate variability and sleep arousals, age, gender, and comorbidities, which could contribute to MMA genesis and, therefore, could help us to make a more appropriate SB diagnosis, based on risk and patient characteristics, and deliver targeted treatment in accordance to precision medicine (Castroflorio et al., 2017; da Costa Lopes et al., 2020; Mayer et al., 2016; Wieczorek et al., 2020).…”