Sleep Sufficiency in Pediatric and Adolescent Tourette's Disorder: National Survey of Children's Health

Abstract

Findings suggest that insufficient sleep in youth with TD persists independently of comorbidity or psychiatric medication status. Findings highlight the importance of clinical sleep monitoring in this population.

Sleep Disorders and Sleep Problems in Patients With Tourette Syndrome and Other Tic Disorders: Current Perspectives

“…While in several studies the patients were not taking any drugs for the treatment of TS at the time of evaluation, 18 , 34 , 51 , 53 , 55–57 , 61 , 62 in other studies many patients used stimulants or other specific therapies for tics, which could have an important influence on the results, 21 , 23 , 27 , 28 , 37 , 52 and in others, the treatment was not clearly specified. 19 , 20 , 24–26 , 30 , 32 , 33 , 35–37 , 59 …”

“… Prevalence of sleep disorders: 7.24% (significantly higher than that found in a control cohort −3.53%-, the risk was highest in patients with a comorbid anxiety disorder) Groth et al, 2017 31 Denmark Sleep disturbances, assessed by scores in the items related to “sleep disturbances” of the Child Behaviour Checklist Prospective follow-up study 146 patients diagnosed with TS followed during 4–8 years (median 5.6 years) interviewed at 18.2 years (SD 3.0, range 11.1–25.9). 17.2% of patients of the initial cohort used antipsychotics, 17.1 methylphenidate, 8.8 atomoxetine, 4.4% clonidine, 5.2 melatonin, and 4.8% SSRIs Prevalence of sleep disorders: 11.1% Ricketts et al, 2018 32 United States of America Telephone survey with a single question regarding nights per week with “sufficient sleep”. Population-based study 298 patients with current diagnosis of Tourette disorder (TD), 122 with a history of TD, compared with 254 controls, aged 6 to 17 years (66.0%, 48.8%, and 17.3%, respectively, using medications other than vitamins) Controls showed significantly more nights per week with “sufficient sleep” (6.59) that both TD groups (5.49 and 5.41, there were no significant differences between both TD groups) Early adolescent females with moderate/severe TD had lesser “sufficient sleep”.…”

“… 27 In addition, patients with TS/TD showed fewer nights with “sufficient sleep” than controls in a population-based study. 32 …”

Tourette disorder and sleep

“…Studies have demonstrated that children with TD get less sleep than children without TD and sleep disruption gets worse with age. In fact, older adolescents have less nights of good sleep than younger children with TD; in a recent study neither medications or comorbidities appear to predict adequate amount of sleep in children with TD suggesting that sleep disruption is inherent to TD and not only secondary to comorbidities or medications [ 16 ]. Lee et al.…”

A Comprehensive Review of Tic Disorders in Children

“…Sleep disorders occur in 64% of patients with TS [ 154 ]. Even after adjusting for potential confounding factors for sleep disorders, such as obesity, asthma, allergic rhinitis, anxiety, and depression, TS has been found to independently increase the risk of difficulty with sleep initiation and sleep maintenance, parasomnia, abnormal arousal, and excessive daytime sleepiness [ 154 , 208 , 209 , 210 ]. A polysomnographic study demonstrated that both motor and vocal tics are observable during all stages of sleep [ 208 ].…”