Sleep timing, chronotype and social jetlag: Impact on cognitive abilities and psychiatric disorders

Taillard, Jacques; Sagaspe, Patricia; Philip, Pierre; Bioulac, Stéphanie

doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114438

Cited by 154 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…Eveningness is also more prevalent among patients with mood disorders, substance abuse, and sleep disorders (17,49). Although we did not investigate specific health outcomes, our results are consistent with other studies demonstrating that later chronotype was associated with worse self-rated health (13,14).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

University-wide chronotyping shows late-type students have lower grades, shorter sleep, poorer well-being, lower self-regulation, and more absenteeism

Yeo

Tan

Lai

et al. 2021

Preprint

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A person's preferred timing of nocturnal sleep (chronotype) has important implications for cognitive performance. Students who prefer to sleep late may have a selective learning disadvantage for morning classes due to inadequate sleep and circadian desynchrony. Here, (1) we tested whether late-type students perform worse only for morning classes, and (2) we investigated factors that may contribute to their poorer academic achievement. Chronotype was determined objectively in 33,645 university students (early, n=3,965; intermediate, n=23,787; late, n=5,893) by analyzing the diurnal distribution of their logins on the university's Learning Management System (LMS). Late-type students had lower grades than their peers for courses held at all different times of day, and during semesters when they had no morning classes. Actigraphy studies (n=261) confirmed LMS-derived chronotype was associated with students' sleep patterns. Nocturnal sleep on school days was shortest in late-type students because they went to bed the latest and woke up early compared with non-school days. Surveys showed that late-type students had lower self-rated health and mood (n=357), and lower metacognitive self-regulation (n=752). Wi-Fi connection data for classrooms (n=17,356) revealed that late-type students had lower lecture attendance than their peers for classes held in both the morning and the afternoon. Our findings suggest that multiple factors converge to impair learning in late-type students. Shifting classes later can improve sleep and circadian synchrony in late-type students but is unlikely to eliminate the performance gap. Interventions that focus on improving students' well-being and learning strategies may be important for addressing the late-type academic disadvantage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

University-wide chronotyping shows late-type students have lower grades, shorter sleep, poorer well-being, lower self-regulation, and more absenteeism

Yeo

Tan

Lai

et al. 2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Despite the prevalence and debilitating nature of depression and the overwhelming body of evidence indicating an association between depression and diurnal preference 8 – 17 synthesis of these data has been largely restricted to systematic reviews (e.g. 19 , 20 , 28 , 29 ). To date, only one study has quantified this relationship in the form of a meta-analysis 30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diurnal preference and depressive symptomatology: a meta-analysis

Norbury

2021

Sci Rep

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Eveningness, a preference for later sleep and rise times, has been associated with a number of negative outcomes in terms of both physical and mental health. A large body of evidence links eveningness to Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). However, to date, evidence quantifying this association is limited. The current meta-analysis included 43 effect sizes from a total 27,996 participants. Using a random-effects model it was demonstrated that eveningness is associated with a small effect size (Fisher’s Z = − 2.4, 95% CI [− 0.27. − 0.21], p < 0.001). Substantial heterogeneity between studies was observed, with meta-regression analyses demonstrating a significant effect of mean age on the association between diurnal preference and depression. There was also evidence of potential publication bias as assessed by visual inspection of funnel plots and Egger’s test. The association between diurnal preference and depression is small in magnitude and heterogenous. A better understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings linking diurnal preference to depression and suitably powered prospective studies that allow causal inference are required.

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“…It is a gap between internal circadian timing and typically early academic and/or work agendas or discrepancy between the weekend and weekday sleep timing (20,21). Evening-type patients were found to be more vulnerable to SJL (1,19,22).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circadian Functioning and Quality of Life in Substance Use Disorder Patients With and Without Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder

et al. 2021

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Aim: Although a relationship between circadian disruption and development of several psychiatric disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and substance use disorder (SUD), has been observed, knowledge on this area is scarce yet. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the circadian functioning and quality of life (QOL) in SUD patients with and without comorbid MDD, two highly prevalent clinical entities with difficult therapeutic management.Methods: One hundred sixty-three male patients under treatment, 81 with SUD and 82 with SUD comorbid major depressive disorder (SUD + MDD), were evaluated. For the circadian functioning assessment, we calculated Social Jet Lag (SJL) and used the reduced Morningness–Eveningness Questionnaire (rMEQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). QOL was measured using the shortened version of the World Health Organization's Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). We collected sociodemographic and clinical variables to evaluate their possible influence on the circadian functioning. Intergroup differences among the variables were examined by different analyses of covariance (ANCOVA and MANCOVA). The possible relationships of quantitative clinical variables with rMEQ, PSQI, and WHOQOL-BREF were explored using bivariate correlation analysis.Results: Lower SJL appears in the SUD + MDD group compared with SUD. The intermediate-type was more prevalent in the SUD group, while a higher percentage of morning-type patients was found in the SUD + MDD. Sleep quality (including latency and daytime dysfunction) was worse for SUD + MDD patients than for SUD even after controlling age and age of SUD onset variables. Last, QOL was poorer in patients with SUD + MDD and, for them, psychological health had a negative relationship with SJL and severity of depression.Conclusions: Our data support and extend previous findings indicating that SUD + MDD is associated with worse clinical characteristics, more sleep problems, and poorer QOL than SUD patients. These results underline the importance of a precise assessment of these measurements in future studies conducted in SUD patients with/without MDD comorbidity that could be considered from a therapeutic point of view.

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Sleep timing, chronotype and social jetlag: Impact on cognitive abilities and psychiatric disorders

Cited by 154 publications

References 142 publications

University-wide chronotyping shows late-type students have lower grades, shorter sleep, poorer well-being, lower self-regulation, and more absenteeism

University-wide chronotyping shows late-type students have lower grades, shorter sleep, poorer well-being, lower self-regulation, and more absenteeism

Diurnal preference and depressive symptomatology: a meta-analysis

Circadian Functioning and Quality of Life in Substance Use Disorder Patients With and Without Comorbid Major Depressive Disorder

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