Sleeping with the Enemy: The Insidious Relationship between Dendritic Cells and Immunodeficiency Viruses

Vachot, Laurence; Turville, Stuart; Trapp, Sascha; Peretti, Silvia; Morrow, George W.; Frank, Ian; Pope, Melissa

doi:10.1002/9783527619696.ch38

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 208 publications

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“…DCs play a critical role in initiating and coordinating antiviral immune responses, with mature DCs typically inducing stronger virus-specific responses (17,(21)(22)(23)(24). In contrast, these viruses seem to have developed replication strategies that subvert DC biology (19,25,26). DCs efficiently take up particulate material and interact with T cells to present antigenic peptides and promote cellular activation.…”

Section: Endritic Cells (Dcs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and Systemic Effects of Intranodally Injected CpG-C Immunostimulatory-Oligodeoxyribonucleotides in Macaques

Teleshova

Kenney

Nest

et al. 2006

The Journal of Immunology

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Immunostimulatory CpG-C oligodeoxyribonucleotides (ISS-ODNs) represent a promising strategy to enhance vaccine efficacy. We have shown that the CpG-C ISS-ODN C274 stimulates macaque blood dendritic cells (DCs) and B cells and augments SIV-specific IFN-γ responses in vitro. To further explore the potential of C274 for future vaccine studies, we assessed the in vivo effects of locally administered C274 (in naive and healthy infected macaques). Costimulatory molecules were marginally increased on DCs and B cells within cells isolated from C274-injected lymph nodes (LNs). However, cells from C274-injected LNs exhibited heightened responsiveness to in vitro culture. This was particularly apparent at the level of CD80 (less so CD86) expression by CD123+ plasmacytoid DCs and was further boosted in the presence of additional C274 in vitro. Notably, cells from C274-injected LNs secreted significantly elevated levels of several cytokines and chemokines upon in vitro culture. This was more pronounced when cells were exposed to additional stimuli in vitro, producing IFN-α, IL-3, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, CCL2, CCL3, CCL5, and CXCL8. Following C274 administration in the absence of additional SIV Ag, endogenous IFN-γ secretion was elevated in LN cells of infected animals, but SIV-specific responses were unchanged. Endogenous and SIV-specific responses decreased in blood, before the SIV-specific responses rebounded by 2 wk after C274 treatment. Elevated IFN-α, CCL2, and CCL5 were also detected in the plasma after C274 injection. Thus, locally administered C274 has local and systemic activities, supporting the potential for CpG-C ISS-ODNs to boost immune function to enhance anti-HIV vaccine immunogenicity.

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Section: Endritic Cells (Dcs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Local and Systemic Effects of Intranodally Injected CpG-C Immunostimulatory-Oligodeoxyribonucleotides in Macaques

Teleshova

Kenney

Nest

et al. 2006

The Journal of Immunology

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“…The main biological explanation for the observed protective effect of male circumcision on HIV acquisition involves the dendritic cells on the inner side of the foreskin. These cells are particularly susceptible to HIV infection, and circumcision removes this vulnerable point of entry for HIV (Vachot et al 2006). In addition to this direct effect, uncircumcised men are at higher risk of infection with certain other sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as chancroid and syphilis, that have been associated with increased risk of transmission of HIV (Weiss et al 2000).…”

Section: Absence Of Male Circumcisionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Has the HIV epidemic peaked?

Bongaarts¹,

Buettner²,

Heilig³

et al. 2008

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This study first reviews the highly diverse regional and country patterns of HIV epidemics and discusses possible causes of the geographic variation in epidemic sizes. Past trends and projections of the epidemics are presented next and the peak years of epidemics are estimated. The potential future impact of new prevention technologies is briefly assessed. A final section summarizes the future impact of the epidemic on key demographic variables. The main finding of this analysis is that the HIV epidemic reached a major turning point over the past decade. The peak years of HIV incidence rates are past for all regions, and the peaks of prevalence rates are mostly in the past except in Eastern Europe, where it is expected to peak in 2008. But owing in part to the life-prolonging effect of antiretroviral therapy and to sustained population growth, the absolute number of infected individuals is expected to keep growing slowly in sub-Saharan Africa and remain near current levels worldwide, thus posing a continuing challenge to public health programs. No country is expected to see a decline in its population size between 2005 and 2050 that is attributable to high mortality related to AIDS.

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Section: Current Status Of the Epidemic And Causes Of Geographic Varimentioning

confidence: 99%

Has the HIV Epidemic Peaked?

Bongaarts

Buettner

Heilig

et al. 2008

Population & Development Review

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This study reviews the highly diverse regional and country patterns of HIV epidemics and discusses possible causes of the geographic variation in epidemic sizes. Past trends and projections of the epidemics are presented and the peak years of epidemics are estimated. The potential future impact of new prevention technologies is briefly assessed. A final section summarizes the future impact of the epidemic on key demographic variables. The main finding of this analysis is that the HIV epidemic reached a major turning point over the past decade. The peak years of HIV incidence rates are past for all regions, and the peaks of prevalence rates are mostly in the past except in Eastern Europe, where they are expected to peak in 2008. But owing in part to the life-prolonging effect of antiretroviral therapy and to sustained population growth, the absolute number of infected individuals is expected to keep growing slowly in sub-Saharan Africa and to remain near current levels worldwide, thus posing a continuing challenge to public health programs. No country is expected to see a decline in its population size between 2005 and 2050 that is attributable to high mortality related to AIDS. Copyright (c) 2008 The Population Council, Inc..

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Sleeping with the Enemy: The Insidious Relationship between Dendritic Cells and Immunodeficiency Viruses

Cited by 3 publications

References 208 publications

Local and Systemic Effects of Intranodally Injected CpG-C Immunostimulatory-Oligodeoxyribonucleotides in Macaques

Local and Systemic Effects of Intranodally Injected CpG-C Immunostimulatory-Oligodeoxyribonucleotides in Macaques

Has the HIV epidemic peaked?

Has the HIV Epidemic Peaked?

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