Slicing the cost of bread

Spanu, Pietro D.

doi:10.1038/s41477-022-01115-z

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…As a result, more 'extreme' biological characteristics can be achieved with NGTs in comparison to conventional breeding methods. These can, however, also be associated with more significant 'trade-offs' in comparison to conventional breeding [41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: B) Overcoming the Limitations Of Natural Genome Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Growth aberration, accelerated senescence, induced necrosis, increased susceptibility to other fungal pathogens are unintended effects described in the context of this trait. To a certain extent these 'trade-offs' are also known from conventional breeding and may be overcome only by further research [43].…”

Section: Scenario 2: Interactions Emerging From Releases Of Several N...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The need for assessment of risks arising from interactions between NGT organisms from an EU perspective

Koller¹,

Schulz²,

Juhas³

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Eur

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Background New genomic techniques (NGTs) allow new genotypes and traits to be developed in different ways and with different outcomes compared to previous genetic engineering methods or conventional breeding (including non-targeted mutagenesis). EU GMO regulation requires an assessment of their direct and indirect effects that may be immediate, delayed or cumulative. Such effects may also result from the interactions of NGT organisms simultaneously present in a shared receiving environment or emerge from a combination of their traits. This review elaborates such potential interactions based on a literature review and reasoned scenarios to identify possible pathways to harm. Main findings NGT organisms might be introduced into the environment and food chains on a large-scale, involving many traits, across a broad range of species and within short periods of time. Unavoidably, this would increase the likelihood that direct or indirect effects will occur through interactions between NGT organisms that are, for example simultaneously present within a shared environment. It has to be assumed that the cumulative effects of these NGT organisms may exceed the sum of risks identified in the distinct ‘events’. Consequently, risk assessors and risk managers not only need to consider the risks associated with individual NGT organisms (‘events’), but should also take account of risks resulting from their potential interactions and combinatorial effects. In addition, a prospective technology assessment could help the risk manager in defining criteria to minimize potential unintended interactions between NGT organisms through limiting the scale of releases. Conclusions If genetically engineered (GE) organisms derived from NGTs are released into the environment, their potentially negative impacts need to be minimized. As with all GE organisms, it is, therefore, crucial to not only assess the risks of the individual events, but also their potential interactions which can trigger direct and indirect effects with adverse impacts. It is necessary to develop hypotheses and specific scenarios to explore interactions between NGT organisms and possible pathways to harm from the perspective of the precautionary principle. In addition, the introduction prospective technology assessment could provide an instrument for the risk manager to control the scale of releases of NGT organisms.

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Section: B) Overcoming the Limitations Of Natural Genome Organizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Scenario 2: Interactions Emerging From Releases Of Several N...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The need for assessment of risks arising from interactions between NGT organisms from an EU perspective

Koller¹,

Schulz²,

Juhas³

et al. 2023

Environ Sci Eur

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“…under field conditions in China, and in the model species Arabidopsis. The study by Li et al (2022) provides a crucial gateway to improve the utilization of mlo-induced resistance in cereals, other grasses, and, by extrapolation from the Arabidopsis results, in other vegetable and horticultural food crops susceptible to powdery mildew (Brown and Wulff, 2022;Spanu, 2022).…”

Section: Altering the Success Of Biotrophy Utilizing Naturally Occurr...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Resistance that stacks up: engineering rust and mildew disease control in the cereal crops wheat and barley

Dracatos

Sánchez‐Martín

et al. 2023

Plant Biotechnology Journal

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SummaryStaying ahead of the arms race against rust and mildew diseases in cereal crops is essential to maintain and preserve food security. The methodological challenges associated with conventional resistance breeding are major bottlenecks for deploying resistance (R) genes in high‐yielding crop varieties. Advancements in our knowledge of plant genomes, structural mechanisms, innovations in bioinformatics, and improved plant transformation techniques have alleviated this bottleneck by permitting rapid gene isolation, functional studies, directed engineering of synthetic resistance and precise genome manipulation in elite crop cultivars. Most cloned cereal R genes encode canonical immune receptors which, on their own, are prone to being overcome through selection for resistance‐evading pathogenic strains. However, the increasingly large repertoire of cloned R genes permits multi‐gene stacking that, in principle, should provide longer‐lasting resistance. This review discusses how these genomics‐enabled developments are leading to new breeding and biotechnological opportunities to achieve durable rust and powdery mildew control in cereals.

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CRISPR/Cas9-based generation of mlo mutants for allelic complementation experiments to elucidate MLO function in barley

2023

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Slicing the cost of bread

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

The need for assessment of risks arising from interactions between NGT organisms from an EU perspective

The need for assessment of risks arising from interactions between NGT organisms from an EU perspective

Resistance that stacks up: engineering rust and mildew disease control in the cereal crops wheat and barley

CRISPR/Cas9-based generation of mlo mutants for allelic complementation experiments to elucidate MLO function in barley

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