Sliding Mode Control-Based Decoupling Scheme for Quad-Active Bridge DC–DC Converter

A Survey on Multi-Active Bridge DC-DC Converters: Power Flow Decoupling Techniques, Applications, and Challenges

“…To push control robustness further, some researchers have proposed disturbance observer-based nonlinear control approaches and algorithms, such as active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) [84], sliding mode control (SMC) [86], and the super-twisting algorithm (STA) [60]. Classic linear control techniques are not capable of totally attenuating the impact of uncertainties caused by external environments, perturbation in parameters, and unmodeled dynamics of the system [178].…”

“…The research work presented in [86] aimed to fully eliminate the cross-coupling in a QAB converter using an ESO-based SMC with a conventional gain inverse matrix. The conventional decoupler performs most of the cross-coupling rejection, and the remaining interaction between control loops is eliminated by the SMC.…”

“…Among the different control approaches reviewed here, Ref. [86] has presented the best decoupling performance. A super-twisting algorithm (STA) control based on an ESO is proposed and implemented for power flow decoupling in a QAB converter and demonstrates excellent transient response under step load changes.…”

“…Since a three-port MAB converter or triple active bridge (TAB) converter can meet the requirements in many applications, it is the most explored type of MAB converter [77]. However, depending on the application, adding more active bridges to achieve a higher number of ports has been proposed, resulting in the quadruple active bridge (QAB) [12,17,23,39,40,43,[46][47][48][49]51,52,[54][55][56][60][61][62]70,[78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][86][87][88][89][90], penta active bridge (PAB) [41], 6-port [91], 10-port [75], and 12-port [35,92,93] MAB converters. Although adding more ports can provide potential advantages over the DAB converter, converter analysis becomes more complicated, and a research gap arises between the conventional DAB and the various MAB converters.…”

“…In [60], a super-twisting algorithm based on ESO is used. A combination of conventional decoupling and sliding mode control (SMC) is presented in [86]. Other researchers have proposed alternative solutions such as flatness control [98], black-box neural network (NN)-based approaches [21,91,99], and adaptive control [13,85,100], for example.…”