Sliding mode control for fuel cell supported battery charger in vehicle‐to‐vehicle interaction

Abstract

In typical vehicle‐to‐vehicle (V2V) charging systems, energy transfer is provided from a battery electric vehicle (BEV) to charge the energy storage unit of another BEV. In this study, the utilization of a fuel cell electric vehicle (FCEV) as an energy provider is purposed to charge the energy storage unit of a BEV in V2V interaction. Since FCEVs are filled with hydrogen, it also eliminates the disadvantages of traditional BEV energy providers, such as a reduction in the amount of stored energy and the need for more time to charge fully. In the designed system, a new plug‐in external V2V battery charger topology supported by an FCEV has been proposed to supply electrical energy. In order to control the energy transfer between electric vehicles (EVs), a sliding mode controller is adapted to manage the external converter interface located between vehicles. The designed controller shows improved robustness against the system dynamics uncertainties and disturbances generated by a variety of internal and external causes. In the designed section, a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with the maximum operational rating of 75 kW is used as an energy provider to feed consumer loads. The proposed system has been designed and analyzed for several loading situations from 20% to 100% loading and obtained performance results have been compared with a conventional controlled V2V battery charger system. The case studies validate that the proposed V2V charger system gives better results than the conventional controlled FC‐supported V2V. The stability and robustness of output electrical waveforms are better for the designed system. In this context, the tracking error of the conventional controller is about 8% larger than that of the designed sliding mode control for dynamic load changes. The sliding mode controller has a faster settling time (approximately 0.12 s) in comparison with the conventional controlled V2V charger system. Also, mean absolute error values verify that the designed sliding mode controller operates smoothly under all cases except load transition compared to the typical control method. As a result, the case studies show that satisfactory results have been obtained for the designed system.

Co-evolution of Smart Small Vehicles and Human Spatial Experiences: Case Study on Battery-Sharing Electric Two-Wheelers Experiment

“…While technical advancements in this field have demon-strated the capacity of EVs for stationary applications, the vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) wireless charging system introduces a versatile and rapid energy exchange method for EV charging, eliminating the necessity for a dense coverage of traditional charging stations [87]. In typical V2V charging systems, energy transfer is provided from a battery electric vehicle (BEV) to charge the energy storage unit of another BEV [88]. The ongoing development and innovation of battery-sharing EVs play a crucial role in addressing the charging infrastructure challenges and further advancing the adoption of electric mobility.…”

Power System Integration of Electric Vehicles: A Review on Impacts and Contributions to the Smart Grid

“…The energy demand and environmental factors stimulate the integration of electric vehicles (EVs) with the grid as potential energy storage units. Environmentally friendly EVs, which are gradually replacing conventional fuel vehicles, have taken their place on the roads, the number of which has increased significantly in recent years [12]. However, most EVs spend an average of 90-95% of each day parked at facilities with charging infrastructures [13].…”

Overview of Vehicle-to-Vehicle Energy Sharing Infrastructure

“…A new plug-in external V2V battery charger topology supported by an FCEV has been proposed to supply electrical energy and more amount of stored energy in less time compared to a battery electric vehicle (BEV). In order to control the energy transfer between EVs, a sliding mode controller is adapted to manage the external converter interface located between vehicles, showing optimization in both stability and robustness of output electrical waveforms [9].…”