“…Thus, numerous strategies focusing on the surface modification of Ti alloys have been employed to render them protection from both wear, corrosion and even tribocorrosion [3][4][5]. The strategies include physical vapour deposition [6], thermal spray [6,7], ion or laser nitriding [8][9][10], thermal oxidation [11,12], micro-arc oxidation [13][14][15], diffusion [16] and anodic oxidation treatments [17]. On the other hand, the antibacterial properties are also necessary for Ti implant RESEARCH when exposed to the living tissue [18].…”