Slight Shading Stress at Seedling Stage Does not Reduce Lignin Biosynthesis or Affect Lodging Resistance of Soybean Stems

Wen, Bingxiao; Zhang, Yi; Hussain, Sajad; Wang, Shan; Zhang, Xiaowen; Yang, Jia-yue; Xu, Ming; Qin, Sisi; Yang, Wenyu; Liu, Weiguo

doi:10.3390/agronomy10040544

Cited by 27 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Lignin biosynthesis mainly depends upon the multiple enzymatic activities. Among the lot, the PAL enzyme is one of the most important enzymes that plays a role as rate limiting enzyme and catalyst which convert the L-phenylalanine dehydrogenase into trans-cinnamic acid in the shikimic acid pathway [ 76 , 87 ]. CAD is another important enzyme that takes part in the final reaction of the reduction of lignin biosynthesis [ 61 ].…”

Section: Lodging; a Serious Threat To Intercropping Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review

Raza

Asghar

Ahmad

et al. 2020

Plants

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Lodging is one of the most chronic restraints of the maize-soybean intercropping system, which causes a serious threat to agriculture development and sustainability. In the maize-soybean intercropping system, shade is a major causative agent that is triggered by the higher stem length of a maize plant. Many morphological and anatomical characteristics are involved in the lodging phenomenon, along with the chemical configuration of the stem. Due to maize shading, soybean stem evolves the shade avoidance response and resulting in the stem elongation that leads to severe lodging stress. However, the major agro-techniques that are required to explore the lodging stress in the maize-soybean intercropping system for sustainable agriculture have not been precisely elucidated yet. Therefore, the present review is tempted to compare the conceptual insights with preceding published researches and proposed the important techniques which could be applied to overcome the devastating effects of lodging. We further explored that, lodging stress management is dependent on multiple approaches such as agronomical, chemical and genetics which could be helpful to reduce the lodging threats in the maize-soybean intercropping system. Nonetheless, many queries needed to explicate the complex phenomenon of lodging. Henceforth, the agronomists, physiologists, molecular actors and breeders require further exploration to fix this challenging problem.

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Section: Lodging; a Serious Threat To Intercropping Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review

Raza

Asghar

Ahmad

et al. 2020

Plants

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“…Lignin content was determined by using a test kit [51], (Lignin Content Test Kit, Qi Yi, Shanghai) with some modifications. There was a characteristic absorption peak at 280 nm after acetylation for the phenolic hydroxyl group in lignin, and the absorbance of 280 nm was positively correlated with lignin content.…”

Section: Lignin Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem

et al. 2020

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The shading of maize and self-shading are the key factors affecting the stem lignin biosynthesis and lodging resistance of soybean at middle and later growth stages in the strip intercropping system. A study was designed to explore the regulation mechanism of lignin metabolism and different planting densities; PD1, PD2, and PD3 were used having a total number of 17 plants m−2, 20 plants m−2, and 25 plants m−2, respectively, on the lodging resistance of strip intercropped soybean stem. Our results depicted that the lower planting density (PD1) appropriately promoted the leaf photosynthesis activities (Pn), increase the activity of lignin-related enzymes and the accumulation of carbohydrates in stems, and eventually enhanced the lodging resistance of the strip intercropped soybean stem. Correlation analysis also showed that the lodging resistance index of soybean stem was significantly correlated with the available light for soybean canopy and Pn strip intercropped soybean stem characteristics and activities of enzymes related to lignin synthesis among the different planting densities. The findings of our research will be useful in future studies to understand the relationship between different light environment, planting densities, and lodging resistance of intercropped soybean and also guide the optimum planting density in maize–soybean intercropping system.

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“…Thus high flexibility of lignin chemical structure to rearrange their bonds is very important to give more compressed materials. Researchers consider lignin as insoluble biopolymers but till now there are many studies regarding lignin chemical structure and biological activity [12].…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have also demonstrated that using p-toluenesulfonic acid can reach almost completely solubility of lignin at reasonable temperature equal or less than 80 °C and for only 20 min. Figure (12) shows schematic diagram describe the separation process of wood chips components [41].…”

Section: Organosolv Pulping Analytical Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An overview: Importance of lignin and different analytical approaches to de-lignify it from plants

Fadhil¹,

Zageer²,

Faris³

et al. 2021

GSC Adv. Res. Rev.

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In this short review, it is going to discuss the chemical structure of lignin. Hence the chemical structure of lignin is phenolic high crossed linking polymer so this type of polymers has high rigidity and not so easy to decay. Thus Lignin is insoluble in most organic solvent and water but slightly soluble in basic solutions. Mono-lignols are monomers to form crosslink polymer (lignin) and there are three main types (paracoumaryl. coniferyl and sinapyl) of these monomers. Lignin’s separation process is called delignification which is the procedure of extraction lignin from botanical source. Several analytical methods have been reviewed of delignification process and the most two common approaches are kraft pulping process by utilizing alkaline solution and organosolv pulping process by utilizing organic solvents.

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Slight Shading Stress at Seedling Stage Does not Reduce Lignin Biosynthesis or Affect Lodging Resistance of Soybean Stems

Cited by 27 publications

References 40 publications

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review

Agro-Techniques for Lodging Stress Management in Maize-Soybean Intercropping System—A Review

Effects of Multiple Planting Densities on Lignin Metabolism and Lodging Resistance of the Strip Intercropped Soybean Stem

An overview: Importance of lignin and different analytical approaches to de-lignify it from plants

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