Slip distributions on faults: effects of stress gradients, inelastic deformation, heterogeneous host-rock stiffness, and fault interaction

Bürgmann, Roland; Pollard, David D.; Martel, Stephen J.

doi:10.1016/0191-8141(94)90134-1

Cited by 299 publications

(178 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…The isolated segments grow by radial tip propagation, following the growth path Dmax = c.L n , with maximum rates of displacement at the centre of the segments. Continued slip and the lateral propagation of neighbouring faults 1 and 2, however, leads to the interaction of stresses local to the structures (Bürgmann et al, 1994) (Willemse et al, 1996) (Willemse, 1997). This results in an increase in the rate of displacement on both segments, particularly in the region of fault overlap, e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The propagation and linkage of normal faults: insights from the Strathspey–Brent–Statfjord fault array, northern North Sea

McLeod¹,

Dawers²,

Underhill³

2000

Basin Research

107

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Through examination of the scaling relations of faults and the use of seismic stratigraphic techniques, we demonstrate how the temporal and spatial evolution of the fault population in a half-graben basin can be accurately reconstructed. The basin bounded by the >>62 km long Strathspey-Brent-Statfjord fault array is located on the western flank of the Late Jurassic age northern North Sea rift basin. Alongstrike displacement variations, transverse fault-displacement folds and palaeo-fault tips abandoned in the hangingwall all provide evidence that the fault system comprises a hierarchy of linked palaeo-segments. The displacement variations developed while the fault was in a pre-linkage, multi-segment stage of its growth have not been equilibrated following fault linkage. Using the stratal architecture of syn-rift sediments, we date the main phase of segment linkage as latest Callovian -Middle Oxfordian (10-14 M.yr. after rift initiation). A dense sub-population of faults is mapped in the hangingwall to the Strathspey-Brent-Statfjord fault array. The majority of these faults are short, of low displacement and became inactive within 3-4 M.yr. of the beginning of the extensional event. Subsequently, only the segments of the proto-Strathspey-Brent-Statfjord fault and a conjugate array of antithetic faults located 3.5 km basinward continued to grow to define a graben-like basin geometry. Faults of the antithetic array became inactive approximately 11.5 M.yr. into the rift event, concentrating strain on the linked Strathspey-Brent-Statfjord fault; hence, the basin evolved into a half-graben. As the rift event progressed, strain was localised on a smaller number of active structures with increased rates of displacement. The results of this study suggest that a simple model for the linkage of 2-3 fault segments may not be applicable to a complex multi-segment array.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The propagation and linkage of normal faults: insights from the Strathspey–Brent–Statfjord fault array, northern North Sea

McLeod¹,

Dawers²,

Underhill³

2000

Basin Research

107

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“…Studies have shown that fault and fracture spacing is dependent on mechanical layer thickness (Bai and Pollard, 2000;Ackermann et al, 2001;Soliva and Benedicto, 2005;Soliva et al, 2006) and material property contrasts, in particular the Young's modulus (Bürgmann et al, 1994;Bonafede and Rivalta, 1999;Bai and Pollard, 2000) which is influenced by layering. Additionally, spacing between faults becomes more regular as the population density increases (Ackermann et al, 2001).…”

Section: Mechanical Discontinuity and Layer Thickness Estimatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Small-scale lunar graben: Distribution, dimensions, and formation processes

French

Bina

Robinson

et al. 2015

Icarus

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“…Then, we present analytical results and numerical simulations of a single contractiondriven normal fault embedded in uncemented sediments. We build our understanding on previous numerical studies that showed agreement between natural displacement fields and those obtained in models where the elastic strain accumulation results from remote loading of a medium with an embedded shear plane [Eshelby, 1957;Pollard and Segall, 1987;Burgmann et al, 1994;Willemse et al, 1996]. As part of the study, we evaluate the material properties that are required to justify the magnitude of displacements typically observed in polygonal fault systems worldwide.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Displacement field in contraction‐driven faults

2010

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[1] We investigate the distribution of strain and deformation in the host sediment that arises once a contraction-driven shear fault has localized and propagated under a zero-lateral strain condition. Numerical modeling of displacement distributions compares well with those measured using 3D seismic data. The parameters that determine the displacement field for a single normal fault embedded in sediments are fault height, overburden effective stress, stiffness, and residual friction angle (or post-peak strength). Proximity to the free boundary biases the displacement pattern, which becomes asymmetric. Although the measured displacements and numerical predictions are similar, the measured magnitude requires pronounced low stiffness of the sediment as well as low post peak shear strength. This requirement suggests that sediments hosting contraction-driven shear faults most likely have high porosity and high clay fraction and have undergone diagenetic reactions involving significant mineral dissolution. The diagenetic evolution of the sediment and its current composition may explain the global scaling relationship between the measured displacement and fault height for polygonal fault systems.

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Slip distributions on faults: effects of stress gradients, inelastic deformation, heterogeneous host-rock stiffness, and fault interaction

Cited by 299 publications

References 44 publications

The propagation and linkage of normal faults: insights from the Strathspey–Brent–Statfjord fault array, northern North Sea

The propagation and linkage of normal faults: insights from the Strathspey–Brent–Statfjord fault array, northern North Sea

Small-scale lunar graben: Distribution, dimensions, and formation processes

Displacement field in contraction‐driven faults

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