Slip on wavy frictional faults: Is the 3rd dimension a sticking point?

Davis, Timothy; Healy, David; Rivalta, Eleonora

doi:10.1016/j.jsg.2018.11.009

Cited by 11 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…The program computes fracture opening and stress intensities, based on fracture shape, rock and fluid parameters, and external stresses Davis et al. (2019). Our workflow during each iteration is as follows: We invert for the uniform internal fluid pressure, p 0 , necessary to open the crack to match the required volume against all external and internal tractions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our workflow during each iteration is as follows: We invert for the uniform internal fluid pressure, p 0 , necessary to open the crack to match the required volume against all external and internal tractions. Nonlinear complementarity conditions are imposed such that the crack's faces cannot interpenetrate (Davis et al., 2019). We calculate the crack opening and the stress intensity at the tipline using the method of Davis et al.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We calculate the crack opening and the stress intensity at the tipline using the method of Davis et al. (2019). In order to reduce artifacts, we smooth the stress intensity along the tipline by averaging the local K I with its two neighboring edges. We calculate the advance or retreat of the tipline.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical Fluid Injection Volumes for Uncontrolled Fracture Ascent

Davis

Rivalta

Dahm

2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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Hydrofracturing is a routine industrial technique whose safety depends on fractures remaining confined within the target rock volume. Both observations and theoretical models show that, if the fluid volume is larger than a critical value, pockets of fluid can propagate large distances in the Earth's crust in a self‐sustained, uncontrolled manner. Existing models for such critical volumes are unsatisfactory; most are two‐dimensional and depend on poorly constrained parameters (typically the fracture length). Here we derive both analytically and numerically in three‐dimensional scale‐independent critical volumes as a function of only rock and fluid properties. We apply our model to gas, water, and magma injections in laboratory, industrial, and natural settings, showing that our critical volumes are consistent with observations and can be used as conservative estimates. We discuss competing mechanisms promoting fracture arrest, whose quantitative study could help to assess more comprehensively the safety of hydrofracturing operations.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Critical Fluid Injection Volumes for Uncontrolled Fracture Ascent

Davis

Rivalta

Dahm

2020

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…Mixed mode fracture propagation during fracture growth, which introduces relatively cohesionless curved or stepped surfaces into the rock as the fracture tip deviates from a planar path as it grows, this has been shown experimentally (e.g. Cooke and Pollard (1996); Dyskin et al (2003); Thomas and Pollard (1993) and several numerical criteria exist to evaluate this phenomenon (e.g. Baydoun and Fries (2012); Erdogan and Sih (1963); Lazarus et al (2008); 2.…”

Section: Motivation: Non-planar Faultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Fracture growth by linkage of discontinuities, pores, or inclusions (e.g. Davis et al (2017); Huang et al (2015); Janeiro and Einstein (2010); Olson and Pollard (1989);…”

Section: Motivation: Non-planar Faultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Slip on wavy frictional faults: is the 3rd dimension a sticking point?

Davis¹,

Rivalta²,

Healy³

2020

Preprint

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The formulation for the 3D triangular displacement discontinuity boundary element method with frictional constraints is described in detail. Its accuracy in comparison to analytical solutions is then quantified. We show how this can be used to approximate stress intensity factors at the crack tips. Using this method, we go on to quantify how slip is reduced on fault surfaces with topography, where the asperities are approximated as a sinusoidal waveform, i.e. corrugations. We use stress boundary conditions (compressive) orientated such that frictional contacts shear. We show that slip reductions relative to planar faults for 2D line and 3D penny-shaped crack models are comparable within 10% when slip is perpendicular to the corrugations. Using the 3D model, we then show how slip is reduced more when corrugation wavelengths are doubled compared to the reduction due to corrugation misalignment with the slip direction. When slip is parallel with the corrugation alignment we show that reducing the out-of-plane stress, from the normal traction acting on the fault when planar to that resolved on a perpendicular plane, has the same effect as halving the length of the corrugation waveform in terms of slip reduction for a given amplitude.

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Stress inversion in a gelatin box: testing eruptive vent location forecasts with analog models

Mantiloni

Davis

Rojas

et al. 2020

Preprint

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In many volcanic regions, eruptive vents may be spatially scattered: they sometimes cluster along rift zones or are distributed over areas that may exceed 10,000 km 2 . Some of these regions are densely populated. In order to better protect human life and infrastructure, it is important to better understand the factors determining vent distributions and improve vent location forecasts.The most common approaches to probabilistic forecasts of future vent opening locations rely on the spatial density of past eruptive events, sometimes complemented with the surface distribution of structural features, such as faults and fractures (Bevilacqua et al., 2015;Connor & Hill, 1995;Martin et al., 2004;Selva et al., 2012). Such models, however, often remain poorly constrained due to scarce or spatially sparse data and cannot be easily validated in volcanic systems where eruptions are infrequent.Recently, Rivalta et al. (2019) proposed a mechanical-statistical approach to inversely constrain the state of stress, and thus magma pathways, of a volcanic region on the basis of the known location of magma reservoirs and past eruptive vents. Dike trajectories are assumed to follow a "least resistance to opening" path calculated from the elastic stress field, which is optimized so that any magma batch released from the magma reservoir reaches one of the past eruptive vents. Once the stress field is constrained, the trajectories of future dikes can be forecast. Rivalta et al. (2019) applied the concept only to Campi Flegrei caldera in Italy, performing inversions on two stress parameters: namely, the tectonic and the unloading stress. As independent estimates of such parameters in nature are affected by large uncertainties, it remains unclear how accurately the model can capture them, how much other factors, such as medium layering, were biasing the results, and how this would affect the forecast.

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Slip on wavy frictional faults: Is the 3rd dimension a sticking point?

Cited by 11 publications

References 52 publications

Critical Fluid Injection Volumes for Uncontrolled Fracture Ascent

Critical Fluid Injection Volumes for Uncontrolled Fracture Ascent

Slip on wavy frictional faults: is the 3rd dimension a sticking point?

Stress inversion in a gelatin box: testing eruptive vent location forecasts with analog models

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