Slip zone and energetics of a large earthquake from the Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project

Fong, Kuo; Tanaka, Hidemi; Song, Sheng Rong; Wang, Chien Ying; Hung, Jung Chou; Tsai, Yu‐Hui; Mori, Jim; Song, Yen‐Fang; Yeh, En Chao; Soh, Wonn; Sone, H.; Kuo, Li Wei; Wu, H.-Y.

doi:10.1038/nature05253

Cited by 218 publications

(205 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Rapid response boreholes can allow the direct observation of temperature anomalies generated by frictional heating and characterization of other in situ properties relevant to understanding faulting processes [e.g., Tanaka et al, 2001;Ma et al, 2006;Brodsky et al, 2009]. The combination of these observations can potentially shed light on reasons the friction coefficient during slip is or appears to be so low.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These fault zone drilling experiments provide a wealth of important information regarding earthquake processes [e.g., Yamano and Goto, 2001;Tanaka et al, 2001Tanaka et al, , 2006Ma et al, 2006;Kano et al, 2006].…”

Section: Comparison With Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[3] Much effort has been spent recently on the second of these questions resulting in theoretical models supported by both laboratory and field observations that suggest that coseismic friction may be quite low [e.g., Brodsky and Kanamori, 2001;Di Toro et al, 2004;Rice, 2006;Ma et al, 2006], but considerably, less work has been conducted on the first question. Studies of processes that may mask or dissipate the frictional heat signal have focused on steady state topographically driven or buoyancy-driven groundwater flow [Williams and Narisimhan, 1989;Saffer et al, 2003;Fulton et al, 2004] and the effects of heterogeneous thermal properties [Tanaka et al, 2007;Fulton and Saffer, 2009a].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does hydrologic circulation mask frictional heat on faults after large earthquakes?

et al. 2010

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[1] Knowledge of frictional resistance along faults is important for understanding the mechanics of earthquakes and faulting. The clearest in situ measure of fault friction potentially comes from temperature measurements in boreholes crossing fault zones within a few years of rupture. However, large temperature signals from frictional heating on faults have not been observed. Unambiguously interpreting the coseismic frictional resistance from small thermal perturbations observed in borehole temperature profiles requires assessing the impact of other potentially confounding thermal processes. We address several issues associated with quantifying the temperature signal of frictional heating including transient fluid flow associated with the earthquake, thermal disturbance caused by borehole drilling, and heterogeneous thermal physical rock properties. Transient fluid flow is investigated using a two-dimensional coupled fluid flow and heat transport model to evaluate the temperature field following an earthquake. Simulations for a range of realistic permeability, frictional heating, and pore pressure scenarios show that high permeabilities (>10 −14 m 2 ) are necessary for significant advection within the several years after an earthquake and suggest that transient fluid flow is unlikely to mask frictional heat anomalies. We illustrate how disturbances from circulating fluids during drilling diffuse quickly leaving a robust signature of frictional heating. Finally, we discuss the utility of repeated borehole temperature profiles for discriminating between different interpretations of thermal perturbations. Our results suggest that temperature anomalies from even low friction should be detectable at depths >1 km 1 to 2 years after a large earthquake and that interpretations of low friction from existing data are likely robust.Citation: Fulton, P. M., R. N. Harris, D. M. Saffer, and E. E. Brodsky (2010), Does hydrologic circulation mask frictional heat on faults after large earthquakes?,

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Comparison With Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does hydrologic circulation mask frictional heat on faults after large earthquakes?

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“…Drilling studies have taken place in response to earthquakes of M w = 6.9-9.0 in Japan, Taiwan, China and the USA 8,[10][11][12][18][19][20][21] , and the results do not reveal anomalous temperatures or fluid pressures (Fig. 1).…”

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confidence: 94%

Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault

Sutherland

Townend

Toy

et al. 2017

Nature

114

174

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“…2c) (Ye et al, 2007). The lowermost fault strand at a depth of 1111 m (Hole A) and 1136 m (Hole B) was identified as the principal slip zone (PSZ) associated with 1999 ChieChi earthquake (Ma et al, 2006;Kuo et al, 2013). The temperature in the TCDP borehole is about 46 C at a depth of 1110 m (Mori et al, 2008).…”

Section: The Tcdp Projectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faulting processes in active faults – Evidences from TCDP and SAFOD drill core samples

Janssen

Wirth

Wenk

et al. 2014

Journal of Structural Geology

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a b s t r a c tThe microstructures, mineralogy and chemistry of representative samples collected from the cores of the San Andreas Fault drill hole (SAFOD) and the Taiwan Chelungpu-Fault Drilling project (TCDP) have been studied using optical microscopy, TEM, SEM, XRD and XRF analyses. SAFOD samples provide a transect across undeformed host rock, the fault damage zone and currently active deforming zones of the San Andreas Fault. TCDP samples are retrieved from the principal slip zone (PSZ) and from the surrounding damage zone of the Chelungpu Fault. Substantial differences exist in the clay mineralogy of SAFOD and TCDP fault gouge samples. Amorphous material has been observed in SAFOD as well as TCDP samples. In line with previous publications, we propose that melt, observed in TCDP black gouge samples, was produced by seismic slip (melt origin) whereas amorphous material in SAFOD samples was formed by comminution of grains (crush origin) rather than by melting. Dauphiné twins in quartz grains of SAFOD and TCDP samples may indicate high seismic stress. The differences in the crystallographic preferred orientation of calcite between SAFOD and TCDP samples are significant. Microstructures resulting from dissolutioneprecipitation processes were observed in both faults but are more frequently found in SAFOD samples than in TCDP fault rocks. As already described for many other fault zones clay-gouge fabrics are quite weak in SAFOD and TCDP samples. Clay-clast aggregates (CCAs), proposed to indicate frictional heating and thermal pressurization, occur in material taken from the PSZ of the Chelungpu Fault, as well as within and outside of the SAFOD deforming zones, indicating that these microstructures were formed over a wide range of slip rates.

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Slip zone and energetics of a large earthquake from the Taiwan Chelungpu-fault Drilling Project

Cited by 218 publications

References 28 publications

Does hydrologic circulation mask frictional heat on faults after large earthquakes?

Does hydrologic circulation mask frictional heat on faults after large earthquakes?

Extreme hydrothermal conditions at an active plate-bounding fault

Faulting processes in active faults – Evidences from TCDP and SAFOD drill core samples

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