Slope shape effect on runoff and soil erosion under natural rainfall conditions

Şensoy, Hüseyin; Kara, Ömer

doi:10.3832/ifor0845-007

Cited by 39 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 22 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Torri and Poesen [50] found that the soil surface slope has a positive effect on splash detachment. The results of studies conducted by Fu et al [30], Moreno de las Heras et al [34], andŞensoy and Kara [35] also indicate that the amounts of runoff and soil loss increased with increasing trail gradient. Numerous studies have indicated that the degree of soil erosion is related to rainfall intensity and trail gradient [31,32].…”

Section: Sediment Yieldmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Trail gradient is a main factor that has a significant effect on soil particle detachment and transport, as well as runoff erodibility [28][29][30][31][32]. Several studies have focused on the effect of trail gradient, length, and shape on runoff generation and soil loss [32][33][34][35].Şensoy and Kara [35] found that runoff and soil loss were greater in uniform plots (ground without slope failure) than in concave and convex plots on a 30% trail gradient. The variability between uniform and concave gradients may explain the differences in the energy of runoff available for erosion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Response of Runoff and Sediment on Skid Trails of Varying Gradient and Traffic Intensity over a Two-Year Period

Jourgholami

Labelle

Feghhi

2017

Forests

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Compacted soil has lower water infiltration and hydraulic conductivity, which contributes to increased runoff and erosion on slopes. The aim of the present study was to assess runoff and sediment on three skidding trail longitudinal gradients (15%, 25%, and 35%) and different levels of machine traffic (low, medium, and high), over a two-year period following the impact in the Hyrcanian forest, Iran. The results show that trail gradient and traffic intensity have a significant effect on soil bulk density and total porosity on the skid trails. The average runoff amount varied significantly among trail gradients and ranged from 1.59 mm on the 15% trail gradient and 2.76 mm on the 25% trail gradient, to 4.76 mm on the 35% trail gradient in the low traffic intensity. Average sediment also increased significantly with increasing trail gradient. Average sediment was 0.01 kg m −2 , 0.03 kg m −2 , and 0.05 kg m −2 on the low traffic intensity in the first year for the 15%, 25%, and 35% trail gradients, respectively. The largest runoff and sediment occurred in the first year and stressed the need for applying forestry Best Management Practices such as the use of brush mats during harvesting operations, as well as the installation of water diversion structures or seeding immediately after initial soil compaction and disturbance, in order to protect the bare soil from heavy rainfall.

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Section: Sediment Yieldmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response of Runoff and Sediment on Skid Trails of Varying Gradient and Traffic Intensity over a Two-Year Period

Jourgholami

Labelle

Feghhi

2017

Forests

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“…This can be due to the indirect influence of topographic attributes on vegetation status, as concave slopes, located towards the depression parts of the study area [31], are most likely assumed to be cooler in summer as compared to flat land; hence, the crops could senescence late and could remain vital for a longer time. In addition, this could also be due to the fact that drainage patterns vary with slope shape, bearing implications on soil moisture conditions of a landscape, in such a way that concave slopes produce less runoff compared with flat and convex slopes [64,65]. In the study area the different slope shapes also have a complex interaction with prevailing soil types, due to erosion and deposition processes [55].…”

Section: Influence Of Topographic Features On C Ndvimentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying the Sensitivity of NDVI-Based C Factor Estimation and Potential Soil Erosion Prediction using Spaceborne Earth Observation Data

et al. 2020

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The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), has been increasingly used to capture spatiotemporal variations in cover factor (C) determination for erosion prediction on a larger landscape scale. However, NDVI-based C factor (Cndvi) estimation per se is sensitive to various biophysical variables, such as soil condition, topographic features, and vegetation phenology. As a result, Cndvi often results in incorrect values that affect the quality of soil erosion prediction. The aim of this study is to multi-temporally estimate Cndvi values and compare the values with those of literature values (Clit) in order to quantify discrepancies between C values obtained via NDVI and empirical-based methods. A further aim is to quantify the effect of biophysical variables such as slope shape, erodibility, and crop growth stage variation on Cndvi and soil erosion prediction on an agricultural landscape scale. Multi-temporal Landsat 7, Landsat 8, and Sentinel 2 data, from 2013 to 2016, were used in combination with high resolution agricultural land use data of the Integrated Administrative and Control System, from the Uckermark district of north-eastern Germany. Correlations between Cndvi and Clit improved in data from spring and summer seasons (up to r = 0.93); nonetheless, the Cndvi values were generally higher compared with Clit values. Consequently, modelling erosion using Cndvi resulted in two times higher rates than modelling with Clit. The Cndvi values were found to be sensitive to soil erodibility condition and slope shape of the landscape. Higher erodibility condition was associated with higher Cndvi values. Spring and summer taken images showed significant sensitivity to heterogeneous soil condition. The Cndvi estimation also showed varying sensitivity to slope shape variation; values on convex-shaped slopes were higher compared with flat slopes. Quantifying the sensitivity of Cndvi values to biophysical variables may help improve capturing spatiotemporal variability of C factor values in similar landscapes and conditions.

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“…Bonnett (1990) observed the redistribution of 137 Cs and 134 Cs by erosive processes over an area of a drainage basin. Slope gradient, length, and shape also affect runoff generation and soil erosion (Şensoy and Kara 2014). As the soil profiles in this study were collected from slopes at randomly selected locations (Table 2), it is not possible to directly correlate the 137 Cs activity concentration with slopes.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and vertical distribution of 137Cs in soils in the erosive area of southeastern Serbia (Pčinja and South Morava River Basins)

Petrović

Dragović

et al. 2015

J Soils Sediments

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Purpose The area of southeastern Serbia, the Pčinja and South Morava River Basins, is under the influence of very strong erosion, and the aim of this study was to investigate the vertical and spatial distribution of the 137 Cs in the eroded soils of this area. Materials and methods Vertical soil profiles were collected with 5-cm increments from the uppermost layer down to 20, 25, 30, 40, and 50 cm of depth, depending on the thickness of the soil layers, i.e., down to the underlying parent rocks. Measurements of 137 Cs activity concentration were performed by using the HPGe gamma-ray spectrometer ORTEC-AMETEK (34 % relative efficiency and high resolution 1.65 keV at 1.33 MeV for 60 Co), from its gamma-ray line at 661.2 keV. Results and discussion The mean 137 Cs activity concentration across all 18 soil profiles (for all soil layers) was found to be 20 Bq kg −1 . In the greatest number of soil profiles, the 137 Cs activity concentration was generally highest in the first soil layer (0-5 cm) and decreased with soil depth, while in a few soil profiles, the peak of either the 137 Cs activity concentration occurred in the second soil layer (5-10 cm) or the 137 Cs activity concentration was almost equal throughout the entire soil profile. The mean 137 Cs activity concentration in the first soil layer (0-5 cm) was found to be 61 Bq kg −1 , and the high coefficient of variation of 92 % pointed out high spatial variability and large range of the 137 Cs activity concentrations in the study area. Conclusions The obtained results indicate that in the greatest number of soil profiles, 137 Cs is present in the upper layers, with concentration decreasing with depth, as is typical in uncultivated soil. Its spatial distribution was very uneven among the surface soil layers of the investigated sites. One of the main reasons for such pattern of 137 Cs in the study area may be soil erosion. Additional investigations which would support this hypothesis are required.

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Slope shape effect on runoff and soil erosion under natural rainfall conditions

Cited by 39 publications

References 22 publications

Response of Runoff and Sediment on Skid Trails of Varying Gradient and Traffic Intensity over a Two-Year Period

Response of Runoff and Sediment on Skid Trails of Varying Gradient and Traffic Intensity over a Two-Year Period

Quantifying the Sensitivity of NDVI-Based C Factor Estimation and Potential Soil Erosion Prediction using Spaceborne Earth Observation Data

Spatial and vertical distribution of 137Cs in soils in the erosive area of southeastern Serbia (Pčinja and South Morava River Basins)

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