“…Other researchers used a variety of novel soft computing techniques to predict FOS, including Multiple Regression (MR), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Support Vector Regression (SVR), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), and hybrid models, Gradient Boosting Decision Tree was used in several applications, and the results were found to be noticeably superior to those attained by employing traditional techniques. (Marrapu and Jakka, 2017;Lin et al, 2018a;Bui et al, 2020a;Huang et al, 2020;Deris et al, 2021;Jingjing et al, 2021;Kardhani et al, 2021;Sina et al, 2021;Christoph et al, 2022;Feezan et al, 2022;Gagan et al, 2022;Gexue et al, 2022;Zhihao and Zhiwei, 2022;Mahmoodzadeh and Mohammadi, 2023;Xu et al, 2023). Arunav Chakraborty and Diganta Goswami (Arunav and Diganta, 2017) carried out their work on slope stability prediction utilizing artificial neural networks, very advanced modeling methods that can be suitable for modeling highly complicated functions.…”