Slovene Ultra-Formal Address: Borrowing, Innovation, and Analysis

Abstract

Slovenščina ima ogovorni sistem, ki se od osnovnega dvojnega ogovornega sistema mnogih evropskih jezikov loči v tem, da oblikovno razlikuje do štirih ravni formalnosti (neformalno/tikanje, polformalno/napol vikanje, formalno/vikanje in ultraformalno/onikanje). Do nedavnega je bilo onikanje v redni uporabi tako v neposrednem kot v posrednem ogovoru (oz. govorjenjem o odsotni osebi). Čeprav bi lahko slovnične značilnosti onikanja izvirale iz stika z nemščino, se zdi, da predstavlja slovenska uporaba onikanja v posrednem ogovoru samostojen izum. Avtor analizira Linhartovo veseloigro Županova Micka z namenom, da razišče in prikaže vzajemno delovanje teh ogovornih oblik. Podobne raziskave onikanja v drugih jezikih (češčina, slovaščina) bi lahko bolje osvetlile pojav, ki je prisoten v več slovanskih jezikih.Slovene has a system of address that differs from the basic binary address system of many European languages by grammatically distinguishing up to four levels of formality (informal, semiformal, formal, and ultra-formal). Until recently, ultra-formal address was regularly used in direct as well as indirect address (i.e., reference to absent persons). Although the grammatical characteristics of Slovene ultra-formal address (3 rd plural) appear to have been the result of contact with German, the Slovene application of this form to indirect address appears to have been an independent innovation. Anton Tomaž Linhart's play Županova Micka is analyzed in order to explore and illustrate the interaction of these various address forms. Similar studies of ultra-formal address in other languages (e.g., Czech and Slovak) could shed light on a phenomenon that has been attested in multiple Slavic languages.

Гоноративное Употребление Третьего Лица Множественного Числа В Славянских Языках

“…Of course one should have more examples in context, but it is possible that the situation that Toporišić describes is a combination of HON3pl-A and HON3pl-C. According to Reindl (2007), the construction is most often used when the R is a priest, grandparent or parent, "although in the past it could apply to members of the gentry as well" (ibid., p. 156). This also suggests a combination of HON3pl-A and HON3pl-C, the HON3pl-C part of which became obsolete first.…”

“…At one location in the south of Slovenia (Zagorje na Pivki) negative examples for the HON3pl-A were found along with polite direct address to a non-relative with the third person plural pronoun oni. 26 On the use of the HON3pl-A in Slovene I consulted Lipavic Oštir (2011), Logar (1993), Metelko (1825), Miklosich (1883), Murko (1843), Pronk (2009), Reindl (2007, Sławski (1962), Steenwijk (1992), Toporišič (1974), and Zuljan Kumar (2007). 27 Murko presents his grammar as a description of the Volkssprache of all Slovenes (cf.…”