Slow Filtration: A Technique to Minimise the Risks of Spreading Root-Infecting Pathogens in Closed Hydroponic Systems

Os, E.A. van; Bruins, M.A.; Wohanka, W.; Seidel, Renate

doi:10.17660/actahortic.2001.559.72

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…Statistical analyses indicated higher standard deviation values of the means obtained from the tests on elimination of bacterial pathogens from the filtered water than those observed in the case of P. sterilum and F. solani. This indicates that SSF columns were most effective against P. sterilum and F. solani and had limited effectiveness against bacterial pathogens, which is in agreement with other studies (Van Os et al 2000;Alsanius et al 2001;Ehret et al 2001;Postma et al 2001;Belbahri et al 2007). It is possible that the higher effectiveness of the SSF system against fungi and Oomycota is related to the size, shape and structure of their cells (retained more readily by biofilters) compared to those of prokaryotic organisms.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Oomycetes; Orlikowski et al 2010Orlikowski et al , 2011Orlikowski et al , 2012. To minimise this risk, the irrigation water should be treated using effective water purification techniques such as UV-radiation, ozonation or thermal and chemical treatments which have been shown to be effective, but which require large capital investment and may entail high operational costs (Runia 1995;Wohanka 1995;Runia et al 1997;Van Os et al 2000). A promising technique for the reduction of pathogen populations in irrigation water is slow sand filtration (SSF).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although SSF has a long history of use for removing human pathogens from drinking water (WHO; Huisman & Wood 1974), SSF was only successfully introduced in Europe in the late 1980s in horticultural production systems in Germany (Wohanka 1995;Wohanka & Helle 1997;Wohanka 1999), the Netherlands (Van Os et al 2000) and the UK (Calvo-Bado et al 2003). SSF is a simple and cost-effective disinfection method used to control plant pathogens in irrigation water (Wohanka 1995;Barth 1999;Alsanius et al 2001;.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Slow sand filtration for elimination of phytopathogens in water used in forest nurseries

Kubiak

Błaszczyk

Sierota

et al. 2015

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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Irrigation water from natural sources can be contaminated by fungi, Oomycota, or bacteria capable of causing serious diseases in seedlings in forest nurseries. Slow sand filtration (SSF) is a cost-effective technique for water decontamination prior to irrigation. The aim of the current study was to assess the effectiveness of SSF as a means of eliminating plant pathogens including Pythium sterilum, Fusarium solani, Xanthomonas campestris, Pseudomonas syringae pv. Syringae and Rhizobium radiobacter from the lake water source used for irrigation. The applied SSF was effective in removing 80-90% of fungal and Oomycota inoculum as well as 70% of the bacteria in the investigated water. Therefore, SSF represents a practical step to lowering the use of pesticides during production of planting stocks in forest nurseries and a valuable element in an integrated plant protection system.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Slow sand filtration for elimination of phytopathogens in water used in forest nurseries

Kubiak

Błaszczyk

Sierota

et al. 2015

Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research

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“…Effects of pumice and an open porous clay material (Seramis®) were slightly but significantly lower. Further experiments [102] with various filter media (sand, rock wool, glass wool, polyurethane foam) at two flow rates (100 and 300 L⋅m -2 ⋅h -1 ) confirmed the high efficiency of slow filtration against F. oxysporum. Efficiency rates obtained by a series of experiments were in the range of 97.3 to 100%.…”

Section: Effectiveness Of Slow Filtration Against Phytopathogensmentioning

confidence: 66%

Disinfestation of recirculating nutrient solutions in greenhouse horticulture

Alsanius²,

et al. 2001

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Recirculating nutrient systems offer a good method to control nutrient leaching from greenhouses into the environment. However, the potential for the rapid spread of root diseases is the main hindrance to adoption of recirculating nutrient systems by the greenhouse industry. This review discusses and compares five broadly different methods of disease control in these systems, namely heat, filtration, chemical, radiation and biological control. Each has strengths and weaknesses, but all have been found to be effective in terms of pathogen control. Sterilization (heat, oxidizing chemicals, UV radiation) and membrane filtration methods are generally very effective, but may adversely affect beneficial microorganisms in the recirculated solution. Slow filtration and microbial inoculation methods are less disruptive of the microflora, but effectiveness may vary with the pathogen. Microbial inoculation holds the promise of very targeted disease suppression, but few products are commercially available. recirculation / disinfestation / hydroponics / disinfection / root diseaseRésumé -Désinfestation des solutions nutritives recyclées en horticulture sous serre. L'utilisation de systèmes de recirculation des nutriments est une bonne façon de contrôler le lessivage des nutriments des serres dans l'environnement. Toutefois, le risque de propagation rapide de maladies des racines est le principal obstacle à l'adoption de tels systèmes par l'industrie serricole. La présente étude examine et compare cinq façons distinctes de contrer les maladies dans ces systèmes, à savoir le traitement thermique, la filtration, le traitement chimique, le rayonnement et la lutte biologique. Chacune de ces méthodes a ses points forts et ses points faibles, mais toutes se sont révélées efficaces pour combattre les pathogènes. La stérilisation (par la chaleur, l'utilisation d'agents oxydants ou le rayonnement ultraviolet) et la filtration sur membrane sont habituellement très efficaces, mais peuvent nuire aux microorganismes utiles dans la solution recirculée. La filtration lente et l'inoculation microbienne sont moins nuisibles à la microflore, mais leur efficacité peut varier selon le pathogène. L'inoculation microbienne permet une élimination très sélective des maladies, mais peu d'inoculants microbiens sont disponibles dans le commerce. recirculation / désinfestation / culture hydroponique / désinfection / maladie des racinesAgronomie 21 (2001) 323-339 323

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“…Here, the detection methods for micro-organisms and pathogens were optimised Van Os & Postma, 2000) and the slow filtration disinfection method was improved and tested for several other filter media (Van Os et al, 2001). The trials in the second and third year, as mentioned in table 1, were meant to enhance microbial suppression of the root pathogens Phytophthora cryptogea and Pythium aphanidermatum by stimulation and management of the natural microflora and/or introduction of known antagonists.…”

Section: Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial Optimisation in Soilless Cultivation, a Replacement for Methyl Bromide

Os¹,

Postma²,

Pettitt³

et al. 2004

Acta Hortic.

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In Europe the soil fumigant methyl bromide is still in use to control soil-borne diseases in greenhouses and open air vegetables. Methyl bromide is extremely toxic and environmental harmful. Countries under the Montreal protocol are demanded to reduce the use of methyl bromide with respect to the average use between 1991 and 1994 resulting in a total phase out from 2005 onwards for all applications except critical uses. For greenhouses replacement of soil grown crops by closed soilless growing systems has significant advantages: conservation of scarce water resources, no leaching of nutrients and pesticides and improved quality of products. A disadvantage of the closed system is the rapid dispersal of soil-borne pathogens by the recirculating nutrient solution. Disinfection of the nutrient solution either by active (sterilisation) or passive (part of the resident microflora survives the treatment) methods may eliminate harmful pathogens, but the hypothesis is that with passive methods a suppressive microflora can be built up, preventing (severe) outbreaks of certain pathogens. A 4-year EU-funded project had the aims to characterise the (suppressive) microflora and metabolites in the nutrient solution, to detect its dynamic behaviour during the cultivation of three crops (tomato, cucumber, gerbera) in a two year period and to demonstrate results to commercial users. Part of the crop was inoculated with Pythium aphanidermatum or Phytophthora cryptogea, while the nutrient solution was disinfected either with Ultra Violet radiation (active method) or slow sand filtration (passive method) or not at all (control). This paper emphasise on practical aspects of disinfection of the nutrient solution in relation to the presence and behaviour of the microflora. Results indicate that disinfection of the nutrient solution is needed to achieve proper yields. It was not proven that a suppressive microflora could be built up by a passive disinfection method, compared with active disinfection. However, a shift in the composition of the microflora could be detected, but the microflora in the stone wool growing system is mainly plant-driven, realising a microbial balanced system. Application of certain antagonists did also shift the total microflora during cropping, but did not suppress the mentioned pathogens with the exception of a Trichoderma-strain.

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Slow Filtration: A Technique to Minimise the Risks of Spreading Root-Infecting Pathogens in Closed Hydroponic Systems

Cited by 12 publications

References 0 publications

Slow sand filtration for elimination of phytopathogens in water used in forest nurseries

Slow sand filtration for elimination of phytopathogens in water used in forest nurseries

Disinfestation of recirculating nutrient solutions in greenhouse horticulture

Microbial Optimisation in Soilless Cultivation, a Replacement for Methyl Bromide

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