Slow Mass-Movement Processes Caused by Freezing and Thawing on a Bare Ground as a Result of Human Impact at the Kitakami Mountains in Northeast Japan

Sawaguchi, Shin-ichi

doi:10.4157/grj1984a.60.12_795

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Needle ice creep is sometimes followed by secondary sediment movement as dry ravel, which is less active in the frost creep areas (Sawaguchi, , Imaizumi et al ., ). Our interval cameras in the CC area (needle ice creep‐dominated) also captured the disappearance of ground surface sediment associated with dry ravel.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of deforestation and weather on diurnal frost heave processes on the steep mountain slopes in south central Japan

Ueno

Kurobe²,

Imaizumi

et al. 2015

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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Freezing and thawing processes play an important role for the gravitational transport of surface materials on steep mountain slopes in Japan. The effects of deforestation on frost heave activity were observed through the 2012/2013 winter season in Ikawa University Forest, a southern mountainous area in central Japan (1180–1310 m above sea level). During periods without snow cover, needle ice development prevailed at a clear‐cut site, and the downslope sediment movement of upper soil was 10 to 15 cm through the winter season. At a non‐cut site, rise and fall in the ground surface level prevailed on a weekly scale, with no evident downslope movements at the surface; ice lens formation in the soil layer is assumed. Abrupt changes in the radiation budget, such as the strengthening of nighttime radiative cooling and increases in daytime direct insolation, induced frequent development/deformation of needle ice at the clear‐cut site. In snow‐free periods, the day‐to‐day variability in needle ice growth length and in nighttime averaged net radiation showed significant correlations; cloudy weather with warmer and moist air intrusion associated with synoptic disturbances prevented the occurrence of needle ice. Namely, day‐to‐day weather changes directly affected the mass movement of the upper soil after deforestation. Shallow snow cover occurred discontinuously through the winter and is likely an important factor in keeping the soil moisture sufficiently high in the upper soil layer for initiating needle ice during snow‐free periods. We also discuss contributions of coastal extratropical cyclone activities providing both snow cover and cloudy weather in the southern mountain areas of central Japan to the intra‐seasonal variability in frost heave and its indirect effect on soil creep and landslides on the deforested steep slopes. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In accordance with frost heaving, upper soils move as needle ice creep and frost creep (Sawaguchi, 1987;Matsuoka, 2001). For example, a sediment supply is generated by the diurnal frost heave of loamy sediment in a maritime subarctic island (Boelhouwers et al, 2000).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of deforestation and weather on diurnal frost heave processes on the steep mountain slopes in south central Japan

Ueno

Kurobe²,

Imaizumi

et al. 2015

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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“…Sediment captured by traps was assumed to be mobilized via two sediment transport processes related to freezing–thawing: dry ravel and needle ice creep. Freezing–thawing often exacerbates and triggers dry ravel in steep terrain (Sawaguchi, ; Imaizumi et al, ); this likely is the most important surface process at Kumanodaira. Needle ice creep (and diurnal frost creep), which is generally caused by diurnal freezing–thawing of water in surficial soil (Matsuoka, , ), is active where freeze–thaw cycles are frequent (e.g.…”

Section: Infilling Processes In Steep Terrainmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Dietrich et al, ; Iida, ), but certain sediment transport processes (e.g. needle ice creep, dry ravel) are not proportional to gradient (Higashi and Corte, ; Sawaguchi, ; Matsuoka, ; Roering et al, ; Gabet, ). Insufficient field data have been collected on the spatial distribution of sediment transport type and rates to create models that incorporate the spatial variability of soil‐depth recovery in steep, unstable terrain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal and spatial variation of infilling processes in a landslide scar in a steep mountainous region, Japan

Imaizumi

Sidle

Togari-Ohta

et al. 2014

Earth Surf Processes Landf

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The duration of the soil-depth recovery needed for reoccurrence of shallow colluvial landslides at a given site in humid regions is much longer than the return period of rainfall needed to generate sufficient pore water pressure to initiate a landslide. Knowledge of the rate of change in soil depth in landslide scars is therefore necessary to evaluate return intervals of landslides. Spatial variation in sediment transport at the Kumanodaira landslide scar in central Japan was investigated by field observations. Spatial distribution of the rate of change in soil depth was estimated using sediment transport data and geographic information system (GIS) analysis. Observations revealed that the timing of sediment transport differed for shallow and deep soil layers. Near-surface sediment transport (mostly dry ravel and some shallow soil creep at depths ≤0·05 m) measured in sediment traps was active in winter and early spring and was affected by freezing-thawing; soil creep of subsoil (i.e. >0·05 m), monitored by strain probes, was active in summer and autumn when precipitation was abundant. Near-surface sediment flux was estimated by a power law function of slope gradient. Deeper soil creep was more affected by relative location to the landslide scar, which influences soil depth, than by slope gradient. Our study indicated that the rate of soil-depth recovery is high just below the head scarp of the landslide. Abrupt changes in the longitudinal slope topography immediately above, within and just below the head scarp became smoother with time due to degradation proximate to the landslide head scarp and flanks, as well as aggradation just below the head scarp.

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“…Five glass-fiber tubes were inserted vertically into the ground down to the permafrost in order to detect downslope movement in the active layer (Figure 8). The deformation of the tubes will be examined in the manner attempted by Sawaguchi (1987) in the Kitakami Mountains in Japan.…”

Section: B) Frost Heave and Slow Mass Movementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geomorphological Results of the Japanese Expedition to Svalbard, 1988-1989

Ono¹,

Matsuoka²,

Sawaguchi³

et al. 1991

Mountain Research and Development

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Slow Mass-Movement Processes Caused by Freezing and Thawing on a Bare Ground as a Result of Human Impact at the Kitakami Mountains in Northeast Japan

Cited by 11 publications

References 11 publications

Effects of deforestation and weather on diurnal frost heave processes on the steep mountain slopes in south central Japan

Effects of deforestation and weather on diurnal frost heave processes on the steep mountain slopes in south central Japan

Temporal and spatial variation of infilling processes in a landslide scar in a steep mountainous region, Japan

Geomorphological Results of the Japanese Expedition to Svalbard, 1988-1989

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